ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pelvic muscle strength is important in maintaining urinary continence. The urine stream interruption test provides a simple measure of pelvic muscle strength. This study evaluated the accuracy of the test as adapted for clinical use. Women (n=75) were tested according to standardized protocol. The test was simultaneously timed using a uroflowmeter (for research purposes) and a stopwatch (a technique more feasible in the practice setting). The stopwatchtimed urine stream interruption test was consistent with the uroflowmeter score (r= 0.90, p<0.00) and demonstrated adequate repeatability (r= 0.69, p<0.00). The stopwatch test was related to a digital measure of pelvic muscle strength (r= -0.49, p=0.00), i.e., women with greater pelvic muscle strength were able to interrupt the stream of urine more quickly. Significantly less involuntary urine loss was seen in women whose stopwatch test score was two seconds or less as compared with those whose scores were greater than two seconds (t=-4.83, p =<0.00, df=73). Clinicians can use the urine stream interruption test as a baseline measure and as a tool to assess changes in pelvic muscle strength.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In recent years, advanced practice nurses have achieved authority for the direct payment of their services under the four federal health programs — Medicare, Medicaid, Civilian Health and Medical Program of Uniformed Services, and the Federal Employee Health Benefit Plan. This article describes the importance of direct reimbursement and the barriers that have been overcome in achieving reimbursement. It also gives an overview of how advanced practice nurse services are covered and paid for in the federal programs. Increased authority has positioned nurses as visible members of the health care team. Direct payment for advanced practice nurses' services promotes public visibility for their role as direct providers of primary care and as managers of their patients' plan of care. Our nation is in an era of health care reform where additional primary care practitioners are needed. Recognition of advanced practice nurses allows them to be seen as a solution to our nation's pressing need for more primary care providers.

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0361-1817    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1993

数据来源: OVID