ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01169.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01170.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01171.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01172.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryStudies based on conditions found in World War II and on the “Minnesota” project show that a reduced intake of energy not only reduces the amount of body fat but also (with the exception of the brain and of bones) all organs are affected to varying degrees. Body water loss is followed by water retention and, during recovery from reduced energy intake, the body fat content increases above pre‐diet levels before returning to n

ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe energy necessary to support prolonged submaximal exercise is provided by the aerobic metabolism of carbohydrate and fatty acids. Carbohydrate is stored as glycogen, a polymer of glucose, in the liver and in the skeletal muscles, whereas the fatty acids used by working muscles are mainly derived from triglycerides stored in white adipose tissue cells. The relative contributions of carbohydrate and fatty acids to muscle metabolism depend on the relative exercise intensity. The relative exercise intensity is defined as the oxygen cost of the exercise (V02) expressed as a percentage of the individual's maximum oxygen uptake (% V02max). At exercise intensities which represent a large % V02max for an individual, muscle glycogen is the main contributor to muscle metabolism. Fatigue is associated with the depletion of the limited intramuscular glycogen stores. When a carbohydrate‐rich diet is consumed during recovery after exercise, the muscle glycogen stores are increased above theirpre‐exercise concentrations. Thus an exercise and diet regime has been developed to exploit the glycogen supercompensa‐tion phenomenon and so increase endurance cap

ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryDue to the low efficiency of the metabolic process, large amounts of heat are produced when the demand for energy is high. Since body temperature must be maintained within narrow limits, the excess heat must be dissipated and the only heat loss mechanism which can cope with high rates of heat production is evaporation of sweat from the skin; during exercise in the heat, sweat rates may exceed 2 litres/hour. Total losses in events such as marathon races may be as much as 8 per cent of body weight. In addition to water loss, some depletion of electroytes will occur, though this is generally of lesser importance. The fluid loss is distributed among plasma extracellular and. intracellular water compartments in varying proportions. From the point of view of the ability to continue working, maintenance of plasma volume is the major consideration; even small decreases in plasma volume impair exercise tolerance. The ability to replace fluid losses during exercise is limited by the rates of gastric emptying and intestinal absorption, which fall far short of the rate of loss during severe exercise. Replacement of electrolyte losses can normally wait until the post‐exercise perio

ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThe effects of dietary fibre and fish consumption on the concentration of the components of blood lipids are discussed. Fibres such as pectin, guar gum and rolled oats reduce serum cholesterol and low density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas cellulose and wheat bran do not. Fish or fish oils reduce plasma triglyceride concentration, but dietary fibre has no effect. Fish oils may also reduce serum cholesterol and increase high density lipoprotein cholesterol, but these effects are less well defined.

ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1471-9827    

DOI:10.1111/j.1467-3010.1985.tb01179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY