ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The pathology of injury and its complications related to sexual activities has changed remarkably when compared with that of the past, which usually involved assaults or murders of female victims of varying ages, with moderate to severe beatings that may have accidentally resulted in the victim's death. Serial murderers, serial rapists, and molesters of both boys and girls have become much more prevalent in the last two decades in the United States. Unorthodox sexual behavior, such as “fisting,” has increased in frequency, as has sexual violence related to cults, such as satanism. All of these present many challenges to medicolegal investigators. This report describes general and specific pathological sexual activities and injuries, some characteristics and methods of the perpetrators, and some specific cases as examples.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Pedicide, a reliable indicator of interpersonal violence and severe child abuse, has risen in Cuyahoga County (Metropolitan Cleveland), Ohio, U.S.A., over the past quarter of a century, paralleling or exceeding the increase in adult homicide. However, neonaticides have decreased, a phenomenon mirroring a marked fall in fatal maternal criminal abortions. As previously noted, modalities of lethal violence in pedicide are significantly determined by victim age. An increasing proportion of pedicide victims, like their adult counterparts, have been killed by firearms. Pedicide victims are much more apt to be killed by close relatives than are adult homicide victims. Similarly, perpetrators of pedicide are much more likely to commit suicide than are their adult-slaying counterparts. Fatally “battered‘’ children, the victims of multiple, metasynchronous traumata, represent a significant fraction (22%) of the overall pedicide population and constitute a segment of the victims with apotentialfor being saved by intervention. Overall, pedicide remains a challenge to our profession and a threat to society as a whole.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Of 52 infants who had died suddenly and were referred to autopsy, nine had lain on adult water beds for the first time: five had died as a result of accidents: two had died on water beds; two were in beds with widely spaced slats; and one had died as a result of strangulation. Three deaths were due to overlying. Three other infants had been placed on sheepskin rugs for the first time and were found dead shortly thereafter. These infants ranged in age from 2 to 9 months, except for a severely mentally retarded nine-year-old with spastic paraplegia. We believe that a general warning should be issued concerning water beds and that soft bedding should not be used for infants. Infants should not be placed unattended or left to sleep on water beds: only beds recommended for infants should be used. Overlying of a young infant is most likely to occur on a water bed. or if the parent is obese or has consumed alcohol.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

House fires and drownings remain frequent causes of pediatric and young adult mortality and morbidity, yet have received less attention than other causes of injury to the young. To investigate the gender, racial and socio-economic components of these problems, as well as the contribution of chronic disabilities, all deaths in a single state over a 7-year period in the birth through 24-year-old population were studied. Females and males overall had no appreciable differences in house-fire mortality. Females from birth through age 4 were more at risk, however, than older females of dying in house fires, but did not appear at more risk than males of the same age. Nonwhite males under age 4 were much more at risk than white males. Nonwhite females compared similarly to white females, both in the birth through 4-year age range, as well as in the overall population studied. Males had more drowning deaths overall than females, with most of the difference attributable to a large male predominance in the 15− through 24-year age group. Furthermore, males in this age group were much more likely to drown than were younger males. Both males and females in this age group were at particular risk if they had a past history of seizures. No other gender or racial differences could be determined, either in the overall population or in the separate age groups, except in victims >4 years of age many more deaths were found in the lower three socio-economic quintiles than in the higher two. It appears that house-fire and drowning death prevention strategies must continue to consider the entire pediatric and young adult population, with special emphasis on the less affluent. Special attention should be placed on house-fire prevention in nonwhite families with children from birth through age 4, and on drowning prevention for 15− through 24-year-old males, especially those with seizure disorders.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

In two children dying in status asthmaticus, adrenocortical atrophy was demonstrable at autopsy. Both children had been treated since infancy with pulsed steroidal inhalers, short courses of oral or parenteral steroids, and steroidal skin preparations (for associated eczema). Ad-renocortical atrophy has not been described previously in this clinical context. The increasing administration of steroids to asthmatic children may lead to the production of overt—or more frequently, subclinical—atrophy of the adrenal cortices with important consequences to mortality and morbidity.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The case files of the Dade County Medical Examiner Department of Metropolitan Dade County were used to study pedestrian fatalities. Epidemiologic data are correlated and compared with those of other studies.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Three unusual cases of sudden death resulting from cerebrovascular malformation (CVM) are presented. CVMs are highly variable in location and morphology, and may be difficult to detect. Two of the patients discussed here had CVMs that involved the circle of Willis directly, and produced rapidly fatal subarchnoid hemorrhage at the base of the brain; both of these subjects were in their late 30s. One had a history of epilepsy; the other had been completely asymptomatic prior to the catastrophic event. The third was an asymptomatic 6 year old with a cerebellar CVM, who survived long enough for inconclusive neurosurgical intervention. In all three cases, the diagnosis was not made prior to autopsy; in one case, the circumstances of death were initially misleading. The relevant literature is reviewed and discussed, with emphasis on differential diagnosis, anatomic examination, and background investigation.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

We developed a head-space method for the determination of blood cyanide by gas chromatography with electron-capture detection. In this technique, a reaction precolumn packed with chloramine-T was used for the conversion of hydrogen cyanide into cyanogen chloride. Since the reaction precolumn eliminated the necessity of trapping hydrogen cyanide from biological samples, blood cyanide could be analyzed quickly by acidification only. Using this method, blood cyanide levels of fire victims were determined at autopsy. The serum values of cyanide ranged from 0.11 ]μg/ml to 18.12 μg/ml. However, a significantly higher cyanide content was detected in the left ventricular blood than in the right. This indicates that death was caused by the fire and suggests that the collecting point of the blood sample is an important factor in the determination of inhaled cyanide. There was a positive correlation between blood cyanide and carboxyhemoglobin contents.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

A 39-year-old man committed suicide by ingesting a large quantity of SH792. SH792 is a silicone resin precursor used as a hardener for waterproof paints. It is polymerized in water; this process is then followed by the formation of silicone resin and the release of N,N-diethylhydroxylamine. In this decedent, analysis by infrared spectroscopy showed that polymerized silicone resin was present in the stomach contents. The amount of silica in his tissues was within levels seen in control subjects. N,N-diethylhydroxylamine was detected in the urine (0.7 μl/ml) but not in the stomach contents. The data suggest that SH792 was polymerized in the stomach and the releasedN,N-diethylhydroxylamine (DEHA) was absorbed into the body. The mechanism of SH792 poisoning is also discussed.

ISSN:0195-7910    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1991

数据来源: OVID