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1. |
A Comparison of Respiratory Symptoms and Inflammation in Sudden Infant Death Syndrome and in Accidental or Inflicted Infant Death |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 1-8
Henry Krous,
Julie Nadeau,
Patricia Silva,
Brian Blackbourne,
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摘要:
Upper respiratory infection and pulmonary inflammation are common in sudden infant death syndrome, but their role in the cause of death remains controversial. Controlled studies comparing clinical upper respiratory infection and inflammation in sudden infant death syndrome with sudden infant deaths caused by accidents and inflicted injuries (controls) are unavailable. Our aim was to compare respiratory inflammation and upper respiratory infection within 48 hours of death and postmortem culture results in these two groups. A retrospective analysis of upper respiratory infection and pathologic variables in the trachea and lung of 155 infants dying of sudden infant death syndrome and 33 control infants was undertaken. Upper respiratory infection was present in 39% of sudden infant death syndrome cases and 40% of control cases. Upper respiratory infection was more likely to have occurred in association with more severe lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis when sudden infant death syndrome cases and control cases were combined (P= .04). Proximal and distal tracheal lymphocytic infiltration was more severe in control cases than in sudden infant death syndrome cases (P= .01 and .01, respectively). Lymphocytic infiltrations of the bronchi, bronchioles, and pulmonary interstitium were similar between groups. Bronchial associated lymphoid tissue was more prominent in control cases (P= .04). Cultures were positive in 80% of sudden infant death syndrome cases, 78% of which were polymicrobial. Among control cases, 89% were positive, with 94% being polymicrobial. This study confirms that microscopic inflammatory infiltrates in sudden infant death syndrome are not lethal.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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2. |
Pathology of Sudden Death During Recreational Sports ActivityAn Autopsy Study of 31 Cases |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 9-16
Paul Fornes,
Dominique Lecomte,
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摘要:
A growing number of people are involved in recreational physical activity. It is therefore not uncommon for a medical examiner to encounter sports-related sudden deaths and to be faced with the legal implications. The authors examined the clinical and cardiac pathologic patterns in 31 persons who died suddenly during sports activities and underwent autopsy at the Institute of Forensic Medicine of Paris between 1991 and 2001. Twenty-nine male subjects, ranging in age from 7 to 57 years (mean 30 years) and two female subjects, 8 and 60 years old, died suddenly during sports activities. The sports involved were various, with running the most frequent: 13 cases. Cardiomyopathies (10 cases) and coronary artery disease (9 cases) were the most frequent causes of deaths. Despite the severity of lesions, only 4 subjects had a known cardiovascular disease. In conclusion, with regard to prevention, efforts should be continued to improve the sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tools and screening strategies. In this regard, medicolegal autopsies should be systematically performed in cases of sudden death during sports activities, because they provide accurate and useful information for a better knowledge of sports-related mortality.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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3. |
Death by ObstructionSudden Death Resulting from Impromptu Ingestion of Drugs |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 17-21
Alison Seymour,
Marjorie Black,
Jeanette McFarlane,
John Oliver,
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摘要:
Over an 18-month period, the department of Forensic Medicine and Science at the University of Glasgow investigated four rather unusual drug-related deaths. In all cases, death was due to the obstruction of the airway by a foreign body after an attempt to evade arrest. In all cases, the obstruction was drug packages of various shapes and sizes. Results of toxicology revealed levels of drugs that may have had a significant respiratory effect on the deceased in three of the cases. Rupturing of the packages and hence leakage of drugs being conducive to death was obvious in only one case.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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4. |
New Horizons in Forensic RadiologyThe 60-Second “Digital Autopsy—Full-Body Examination of a Gunshot Victim by Multislice Computed Tomography |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 22-27
Michael Thali,
Wolf Schweitzer,
Kathrin Yen,
Peter Vock,
Christoph Ozdoba,
Elke Spielvogel,
Richard Dirnhofer,
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摘要:
The goal of this study was the full-body documentation of a gunshot wound victim with multislice helical computed tomography for subsequent comparison with the findings of the standard forensic autopsy. Complete volume data of the head, neck, and trunk were acquired by use of two acquisitions of less than 1 minute of total scanning time. Subsequent two-dimensional multiplanar reformations and three-dimensional shaded surface display reconstructions helped document the gunshot-created skull fractures and brain injuries, including the wound track, and the intracerebral bone fragments. Computed tomography also demonstrated intracardiac air embolism and pulmonary aspiration of blood resulting from bullet wound–related trauma. The “digital autopsy,” even when postprocessing time was added, was more rapid than the classic forensic autopsy and, based on the nondestructive approach, offered certain advantages in comparison with the forensic autopsy.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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5. |
Diagnosis of Sudden Unexplained Death in Epilepsy by Immunohistochemical Staining for Prolactin in Cerebral Vessels |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 28-31
Elizabeth Miller,
Gina Nelson,
Jana Shultz,
Gregory Davis,
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摘要:
Sudden unexplained death in epilepsy occurs when epilepsy patients die suddenly and unexpectedly in the absence of recent tonic-clonic seizure activity. There is currently no known reliable indicator of acutely lethal seizure activity. Clinical studies record a relationship between recent (within 10–40 minutes) seizure activity and elevated serum prolactin levels, and postictal elevation of prolactin within peripheral vessels has proved clinically useful in determining recent seizure activity. The authors hypothesized that elevated prolactin could be detected in cerebral vessels by immunohistochemical stains, serving as a marker for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy. They conducted a retrospective study of individuals who died in their jurisdiction during the 14 years from 1986 through 1999. The study contained one group of individuals who died of sudden unexplained death in epilepsy, a group with epilepsy who died of some other cause, and a control group whose members died rapidly of a gunshot wound of the torso. Sections of hippocampus and neocortex were obtained and stained with a polyclonal prolactin antibody. No significant difference in the level of immunostaining for prolactin in cerebral vessels was found between the experimental and control groups. A review of the protocols used indicates that revision of certain aspects may provide better immunostaining and more conclusive results.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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6. |
Rapidly Growing Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysm After Amphetamine AbuseCase Report |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 32-34
Han-Jung Chen,
Cheng-Loong Liang,
Kang Lu,
Chun-Chung Lui,
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摘要:
Amphetamine is one of the most common illicitly abused drugs in certain countries. It is a potent sympathomimetic that may lead to vascular events, including stroke and myocardial infarction. Most reports of stroke after amphetamine abuse are of intracerebral hemorrhage. In this report, the authors describe a ruptured aneurysm of the right internal carotid artery in a young man with amphetamine abuse. It grew rapidly within 2 weeks. Surgery revealed fibrosis and fibrinoid necrosis around the aneurysm. The aneurysm was successfully embolized with Guglielmi detachable coil. A rapidly growing aneurysm in the major intracranial vessels resulting from amphetamine abuse is very rare.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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7. |
A Method for Exposing the Intraosseous Portion of the Carotid Arteries and Its Application to Forensic Case Work |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 35-40
Neil Langlois,
Dianne Little,
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摘要:
A method that allows extraction of the intraosseous portion of the carotid arteries is presented, along with four cases to illustrate its application to forensic case work. The method described permits a cosmetically acceptable reconstruction.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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8. |
Fatal Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome due toEwingella americanaInfection |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 41-44
Michael Tsokos,
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摘要:
A fatal case of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome resulting fromEwingella americanainfection in a previously healthy 74-year-old woman is reported. The patient died suddenly within 14 hours after presentation. The diagnosis of Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome as the cause of death was established post mortem based on autopsy findings, microscopic examination, measurement of serum procalcitonin concentration (113 ng/ml), and outcome of postmortem bacteriologic cultures that grewE. americanain heart and spleen blood samples. Since the introduction ofE. americanaas a new group in the familyEnterobacteriaceaein 1983, more recent case studies have established its clinical significance and pathogenic potential to cause severe, life-threatening bacteremia and sepsis.E. americanais a rare pathogen that should be added to the list of unusual bacteria causing Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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9. |
Kawasaki DiseaseA Review of Pathologic Features of Stage IV Disease and Two Cases of Sudden Death among Asymptotic Young Adults |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 45-50
Leon Rozin,
Steven Koehler,
Abdulrezzak Shakir,
Shaun Ladham,
Cyril Wecht,
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摘要:
Kawasaki disease (KD) primarily affects infants and is rarely fatal in young adults. The sequelae of KD can result in death months to years after the exposure to the causative agent. Such deaths are defined as Stage IV KD, which is characterized by the formation of multiple aneurysms in the coronary arteries, calcification and recanalization of the obstructed portions of the coronary arteries, and myocardial infarction and ischemia. A 10-year retrospective review of sudden deaths in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania, identified two fatal cases of Stage IV KD involving young adults. These two young adults were healthy and completely asymptomatic; they had no identifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease before the fatal event. One adult was involved in vigorous exercise, and the other was recumbent in bed at the time of death.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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10. |
A Variant of Incaprettamento (Ritual Ligature Strangulation) in East Timor |
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The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology,
Volume 24,
Issue 1,
2003,
Page 51-54
Michael Pollanen,
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摘要:
Incaprettamento is a ritualized form of ligature strangulation often associated with the Italian Mafia. The hallmarks include ligature strangulation and binding of the body in a highly stereotyped fashion. The bindings include tying the wrists and ankles together, with the body in the prone position (similar to “hogtying”), and an additional ligature encircling the neck and attached to the bindings of the extremities. The binding of the body may be performed after death is inflicted by ligature strangulation, or it may be associated with self-strangulation, as shown by the arrangement of ligatures and the position of the body. A case with great similarities to incaprettamento, in which the body was exhumed from a grave in East Timor, is described in detail. However, in addition to prone-position binding and a hyoid fracture, chopping wounds of a knee and blunt trauma to the posterior torso were found. The implication of these wounds is discussed in relation to incaprettamento.
ISSN:0195-7910
出版商:OVID
年代:2003
数据来源: OVID
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