摘要:

Medicpal leeches (Hirudo medicinalis) and the native secretion of their sali-vary glands diluted with saline (5 times) were successfully used for the treatment of some ear diseases: tinnitus caused by inner-ear affections, acute external otitis and chronic Otitis media. The effect of diluted leech saliva injected into the region of the mastoid process by microelectrophoresis was 25-30% lower than that of the medicinal leeches.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000278932

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study was conducted in order to evaluate ototoxic potential and passage through the round window membrane of Ciprofloxacin, a newly developed antimicrobial drug with an antibacterial speclrum well suited for the treatment of suppurative Otitis media. Ciprofloxacin was injected intraperitoneally in 40 guinea pigs in doses ranging from 25 to 150 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. Sixteen inner ears of Chinchillas were exposed to Ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml applied directly to the intact round window membrane. Despite severe deterioration of the animals injected with the highest doses, no behavioral or definite morphological evidence of inner ear or vestibulär damage could be seen. Ciprofloxacin concentrations in the perilymph were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Di-rect passage of Ciprofloxacin, presumably via the round window membrane, was demonstrated. After 1 h and 15 min, an arithmetic mean concentration of 0.165 µg/ml (95% confidence interval ± 0.053) could be demonstrated in the perilymph. It can be concluded that Ciprofloxacin has no ototoxic effect when administered systemically. Furthermore, when locally applied into the middle ear, it has the capacity to pass into the inner e

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000278933

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The effects of noise exposure were studied in fifty-nine 4- to 5-week-old albino Hartley guinea pigs with normal hearing (body weight 250-300 g). The follow-ing experiments and results were carried out: exposure to 350 Hz pure tones at 115 dB for 40 h and exposure to 350 Hz tones at 120 dB for 64 h. In order to investigate the effects of low-frequency tone exposures on the hearing of the guinea pigs, cochlear microphonics (CM), whole nerve action Potentials (AP) and endocochlear potentials (EP) were measured. With a high-sound pressure, a decrease was observed in the CM maximum Output voltage in the test fre-quencies of 2,4 and 6 kHz while the CM threshold (pseudothreshold) of 6 kHz was elevated. Output voltage of the Ni potential of the AP using a 7-kHz tone burst decreased while the threshold of the Ni potential was elevated. An exten-sion of latency and a decrease in the absolute value of the negative potential in EP were also observed.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000278934

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Pathogenesis of widened AP-SP complexes often noted in electrocochleo-grams (ECochGs) in cases of cerebeliopontine angle tumors remains unclear. As acoustic neuromas usually originate from the vestibular nerve, some changes in this nerve might be involved in producing the broadened wave-form. Effects of lidocaine on the AP-SP complex were investigated in guinea pigs by injecting this Compound into the root exit zone of the vestibular nerve, where the cochlear efferent fibers run together. The AP-SP complex in response to clicks and tone bursts was recorded at the bony wall of the scala vestibuli in the basal turn of the Cochlea. Inactivation of the efferent cochlear fibers resulted in a marked widening of the waveform, independent of the interstimulus intervals (ISIs). This broad wave was composed of a DC shift which was quite similar to the envelope curve of the acoustic Stimuli. Although the effect of activity of the efferent cochlear fibers on negative summating potential (SP) has not been reported in detail, the authors con-cluded that the broad waveform observed in ECochGs in cases with cerebeliopontine angle tumors was caused by enhanced negative SP due to inactivation of efferent cochlear fibers.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000278935

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

This study demonstrates a new technique for recording galvanic nystagmus using conventional electrooculography: a first pair of electrodes is placed at the nasal and lateral orbital margin of the left eye. An additional pair of electrodes is placed near the left angle of the mouth. This latter pair of electrodes picks up voltage variations induced by heart beat but only a minimal part of voltage variations caused by eye movements during bipolar, binaural electric stimulation. Electronic subtraction of the voltage variations near the angle of the mouth from the voltage variations at the equilateral eye cancels the cardiac interference and allows a pure recording of horizontal eye movements. 35 of 40 subjects could be examined successfully.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276253

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Attachment of Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae to epithelial cells on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx (NPH) was determined in 10 healthy children, culture-positive for either of these microorganisms. By using immunofluorescence technique and specific fluorescein-labelled antisera against these microorganisms, it was shown that in only 2 of the children studied were these pathogens firmly attached to the non-ciliated cells of the NPH. Attachment of S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae to the epithelial cells close to the nasopharyngeal opening of the Eustachian tube is of the utmost importance for the development of invasive disease, especially acute otitis media. Attachment of these pathogens to the epithelial cells covering the adenoid tissue may naturally be of significance for the induction of specific antibody production against these microorganisms.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276254

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Platelet-activating factor (PAF) was measured in human nasal polyps obtained from patients with chronic sinusitis. PAF was quantitated by platelet-aggregating activity and was found to be 7.8 ± 1.8 pg/µg phosphorus of polyp phospholipid (mean ± SE; n = 23). In the polyps, phosphatidylcholine constituted 30% of the total phospholipids, of which 8.5 % was the ether-linked type. Incubations of replicates of the fresh polyps in Tyrode’s solution in the presence of calcium ionophore A23187 and antihuman immunoglobulin E resulted in 295 and 65% increases in the amount of PAF, respectively. Thus, nasal polyps in humans with chronic sinusitis possess PAF and have the potential to produce PAF upon stimulation. The participation of PAF in nasal polyp formation is discu

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276255

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The degranulation and regranulation process was investigated after α-adrenergic stimulation on the rat submandibular gland. The submandibular gland in rat contains both serous and mucous cells. It has earlier been shown that serous cells filled with heavy-metal granules, are markedly more radiosensitive than cells without granules. In experiments with emptying the serous cell of their content of granules by administering an α-adrenergic stimulant, cyclocytidine, there has been found a decrease in irradiation damage in salivary gland tissue after irradiation. Injection of cyclocytidine, 150 mg/kg, was given i.p. to the rat. After 1 h there was almost complete depletion of granules in the serous cells, no morphological aberration was seen in the mucous cells. This effect still remained after 6 h. A beginning of regranulation with apical granules was seen 12 h after injection. After 24 h an almost complete regranulation had occurred in the salivary gland serous cells. The mucous cells did not show any morphological aberration. Our intent is to reduce unwanted salivary gland damage in patients with head and neck cancer when treated with radiotherapy. Depletion of heavy-metal granules in serous cells, before irradiation may diminish morphological destruction in the salivary glands. As a nearly total degranulation is present between 1–6 h after stimulation, this should be the optimal time for radiother

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276256

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The lamina propria of nasal mucosa has been thought to play a key role in function and metabolism of respiratory epithelia by allowing exchange of various substances and migratory cells from blood vessels into the epithelium. Here we show that the lamina propria of mucosa transplanted to rat rectus abdominis muscle looses its typical structure and becomes vascularized connective tissue. In the subepithelial space of free grafted respiratory epithelia nasal glands, ducts and nerves degenerate and are no more detectable 3 weeks after transplantation. By contrast the epithelial cell layer regenerates, resulting in a healthy appearing mucosa. Histological and functional controls revealed that regenerated respiratory epithelium lies on a layer of vascularized connective tissue and displays normal cellular differentiation and ciliary function. The present experiments demonstrate that the lamina propria can be replaced by vascularized connective tissue without functional loss of the overlaying epithelium. Thus the results argue against a key role of lamina propria in mucosal function.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276257

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Between 1979 and 1988, 432 cases of previously untreated laryngeal cancers were histologically diagnosed at the Institute of Pathological Anatomy of the University of Trieste. Of these cases, 192 were supraglottic and 182 glottic cancers. The overall crude incidence was 31.060/0000 in males and 2.290/0000 in females, with a male/female ratio of 10.2:1 for supraglottic cancers vs. 20.4:1 for glottic cancers. Our incidence values for laryngeal cancer, and supraglottic lesions in particular, are similar to those recorded in France, Spain and other areas of Italy, i.e. in nations where wine production and consumption is very high. The 3-year adjusted survival rate was 45.7% for supraglottic and 83 % for glottic cancer patients. Subjects with supraglottic cancer often had a poor prognosis because of the high frequency of cervical lymph node involvement, recurrences and visceral metastases; cancers of the aryepiglottic folds presented the worst clinical evolution.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276258

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1992

数据来源: Karger