ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275381

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A survey of the various kinds of facial palsies that may profit from well-selected therapy. The diagnostic scheme includes the differentiation of central and peripheral palsies, between paralyses and palsies, the topical problem and the indication for surgical and non-surgical therapies. Eventually some extra help that can be offered to the patient if the final condition is not satisfactory to him.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275382

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A clinico-pathological study of 10 cases (including histopathology) indicates that occult cholesteatoma is neither a congenital cholesteatoma nor an epidermoid cyst, originating in the attic through a melaplastic process of middle ear mucosa behind an intact tympanic membrane. Occult cholesteatoma is due to retraction and active immigration of the epidermal layer of the tympanic membrane into the narrow compartments of the epitympanic area and its causative factor is a chronic inflammatory stimulus. Symptomatology is insiduous because extension of destruction depends entirely on the direction of its growth which for its part is guided by the mucosal folds of the epitympanic space.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275383

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The symptoms and findings of postural vertigo vary, so the causation of this disturbing unpleasantness is obviously not always the same. The effect of minute changes of the gravitational force upon the otolith organs was suspected. Disturbances of circulation in the head and neck subsequent to postural changes were implicated. Abnormalities in the ‘neck reflexes’ was another consideration. Small, circumscribed lesions produced in the cerebellum created typical postural nystagmus in the experimental animal. More recently, an unexplained histologic change of otolith detachment was believed evoking the symptoms. The clinical entity, termed as the benign paroxysmal postural vertigo, was identified with most of the above-mentioned etiological factors. Observations made on the many hundreds or thousands of patients on the indeed benign and self-limiting nature of this condition tended to rule out circulatory, central nervous or otolithic etiologies. Instead, because certain neck movements appear to trigger the symptoms, the possibility of a neural rather than a vascular causative factor was examined in animal experimentation. It could be established that mechanical stimulation of the neural plexus, or the sympathetic cervical nerve, in the dog will excite the ipsilateral vestibular end organs with a short burst of impulses. The experimentally evoked reflex activity fatigues but it is reproducible. These observations are applicable in explaining the pathomechanism of the benign type paroxysmal postural vertigo. Postural vertigo of inner ear or CNS origin should be differentiated from similar, positioning symptoms where no specific cause was detectable. This idiopathic condition is a response of the neural, sympathetic plexus on the exposed surface of the vertebral artery. For better identification of this common disease, in contrast to benign paroxysmal postural vertigo (BPPV), positioning neurocervical vertigo (PNV) is sugges

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275384

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Horizontal and vertical optokinetic nystagmus (OKN) was studied in 20 healthy adults. Although the horizontal OKN showed no directional difference, a statistically significant difference was found between horizontal and vertical OKN. Upward optokinetic pursuit was better on average than downward pursuit, but more variable. The inferiority of vertical OKN seems to indicate a suppression of optokinetic pursuit due to a different direction of the rotational axis from that of gravity. Regarding the vertical OKN findings, it is speculated that manifest directionality found in quadrupeds is modified in men by the change of their visual field on forward locomotion accomplished by their upright walking posture.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275385

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The severe ototoxic interaction of the combined administration of furosemide and aminoglycoside antibiotics (kanamycin, streptomycin and gentamicin) was studied in rabbits, and its mechanism clarified. Severe damage occurred not only in the inner ear but also in the kidney when both furosemide and aminoglycoside antibiotics were administered to rabbits. Kanamycin concentration after a single injection of kanamycin with furosemide was much higher not only in the perilymph but also in the cerebrospinal fluid and serum than that after a single injection of kanamycin alone. The ototoxic interaction following the combined use of furosemide and aminoglycoside antibiotics seems to be caused mainly by the inhibitory effect of furosemide on the excretion of aminoglycoside antibiotics from the kidneys.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275386

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000275387

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1978

数据来源: Karger