摘要:

Complex macromolecules are suggested to play an important role for the function of the endolymphatic sac (ES). As proposed in previous experimental studies, proteoglycans are supposed to be present in the ES. As they are composed of a proteic core linked to chains of glycosaminoglycans, chemical identification of the glycosaminoglycans is of particular importance, bearing in mind that all but hyaluronic acid contain sulphur. In order to follow the short-term turnover of sulphur in the ES, an autoradiographic study has been carried out in the Mongolian gerbil using 35S as tracer. Radioactive labelling of the gerbilline ES was controlled 15, 20, 30 and 60 min after intraperitoneal injection. While the first signs of the presence of radioactive sulphur were noticed after 20 min in the blood vessels and in the basal aspect of the ES epithelium, after 60 min it was possible to observe the presence of the tracer both within the epithelial cell layer as well as in the lumen of the ES. These findings are consistent with the presence of a fast turnover of sulphur molecules in the gerbilline ES.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276027

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The head shaking test (HST) is an important test in neuro-otological diagnosis. In our study of 277 patients complaining of dizziness we verified this importance. The results thus obtained were compared with the results recorded in 73 normal subjects. Head shaking nystagmus was observed in 73 patients. Of these 73 cases, 42 involved central diseases and 31 cases involved peripheral diseases. Head shaking nystagmus was observed in 7 subjects of the control group. A highly significant correlation was noted between head shaking nystagmus and positional nystagmus, between head shaking nystagmus and the caloric test and between head shaking nystagmus and all the other spontaneous types of nystagmus that were investigated (eyes open in light/gaze straight ahead; eyes open behind Frenzes glasses; eyes closed; eyes open in darkness). No correlation was found between head shaking nystagmus and cervical nystagmus and positioning nystagmus. The sensitivity of head shaking nystagmus, in comparison with other types of spontaneous nystagmus, was found to be slightly higher in cases with peripheral lesions than in those with central lesions. These data confirm the diagnostic importance of this simple test. It is also important to keep in mind that the HST has no importance for topodiagnostic purposes.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276028

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A normal or pathologically altered peripheral vestibular system and associated brainstem structures can be diagnosed from the pattern of eye movement responses elicited by appropriate stimuli. Recent advances in two stages crucial to an accurate assessment of pathological or normal responses are described in this article. The first stage involves the automatic analysis of electronystagmus signals to yield the main parameters of clinical and scientific interest, slow phase eye velocity and fast phase frequency. Since four algorithms based on the first derivative of eye position perform this task remarkably well on-line, it is not necessary to employ features of the stimulus to separate the slow and fast phases of nystagmus. Examples are used liberally to illustrate the accuracy, advantages and limitations of the algorithms. The second stage involves a numerical and graphical comparison of measurements from a patient’s analyzed responses with normal responses. This documentation phase permits immediate recognition of normal, borderline, or pathological optokinetic, eye tracking, caloric and rotating chair test results. Selected examples of pathological responses illustrate the documentation techniqu

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276029

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

Our series of 740 cholesteatomas, operated during the period 1969 to 1980, were seen at follow-up several times with a median observation period of 9.2 years (range 3–21 years). There were; 273 attic cholesteatomas with retraction (perforation) of Shrapnels membrane; 271 sinus cholesteatomas with superioposterior retraction (perforation) of pars tensa, and 196 tensa retraction cholesteatomas extending from a retraction of the whole pars tensa. The late results were analyzed for each type separately, and compared. The recurrence rate was lowest (6.6 %) in attic cholesteatoma and highest (13.3 %) in tensa retraction cholesteatoma. In all three types no residual cholesteatomas were detected after the 4th postoperative year, whereas recurrent cholesteatomas occurred up to 10 years after surgery. The reoperation rate was lowest (15 %) in attic cholesteatoma and almost the same (21 %) in sinus and tensa retraction cholesteatoma. The hearing results were best in attic cholesteatoma and poorest in tensa retraction cholesteatoma. It is concluded that cholesteatoma surgery should be individualized and that both the canal wall up and canal wall down methods have their place in cholesteatoma surger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276030

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The bacterial flora of the nose and nasopharynx was studied in 86 healthy young men. Common pathogens (Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae) were isolated from only 6 % of all 172 nasal cavities. The same pathogens were isolated from 27 % of 86 nasopharyngeal samples. H. influenzae dominated over S. pneumoniae both in the nose and the nasopharynx. No culture either from the nose or nasopharynx grew Streptococcus pyogenes. Potentially pathogenic bacteria, non-group-A hemolytic streptococci and various groups of Neisseria meningitidis were isolated from the nasopharynx in 20 % of the subjects. According to the present study healthy adults do not carry group-A hemolytic streptococci in the nose and seldom if ever in the pharynx. Thus, isolation of S. pyogenes by bacterial culture is suggestive of a bacterial infection by this agent at these sites. Isolation of hemolytic streptococci other than group A from the pharynx does not necessarily indicate bacterial infection, and the same holds true for H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276031

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

A series of 22 patients with histologically confirmed angiofibroma were treated primarily by surgical removal at the University of Freiburg ENT clinic during the 40-year period, 1946–1986. These tumors were staged according to size and extension on the basis of roentgenographic and surgical findings. Specific analysis of the operative approaches and recurrence rate by stage are included. Recurrent or residual disease was handled by surgical excision, irradiation, embolization, or a combination of these methods. The complication and morbidity rates were extremely low, while the mortality rate was zero. The tumor specimens received from the last 5 patients were evaluated for the presence of sex hormone receptors. No specific estrogen, progesterone or androgen receptors were detected in these tissue

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276032

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

摘要:

The author reports 18 cases with repeated mediastinoscopy. The surgical procedure was performed twice on 16 patients and three times on 2 patients. Mediastinal shadow was the indication in 6 patients and bronchogenic carcinoma in 3 patients. Average time lag between the procedures was 35 months. In 56 % of the cases, repeated mediastinoscopy was regarded as positive. Strong peritracheal fibrosis disturbing the procedure was verified in 16 patients. No complications were observed.

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276033

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276034

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger

ISSN:0301-1569    

DOI:10.1159/000276035

出版商:S. Karger AG    

年代:1989

数据来源: Karger