ISSN:0013-9580    

DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1937.tb05573.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryI. This review indicates that:a. There is no cognitive deficit which is characteristic of all epileptics, i.e., of seizures.b. There is no clear–cut evidence of an impairment which differentiates deterioration in epilepsy from deterioration in other disorders.c. The correlation of focal cerebral dysfunction with specific seizure phenomena is becoming the basis of clinical diagnosis in the epilepsies. Investigations of psychological deficit in relation to these variables suggest that different kinds of deficit may be associated with specific foci of cerebral dysfunction in epileptics.d. Further investigation is needed to establish whether these deficits are related to deterioration in epilepsy.2. It is recommended that:a. Epileptics be subdivided on the basis of cerebral dysfunction and seizure phenomena.b. Since all clinicians do not use the same criteria in differentiating between idiopathic and symptomatic epilepsy, the investigator of cognitive functioning, instead of accepting these labels at face value, should investigate what the criteria are and specify them in describing his groups.c. A test, or battery of tests, covering a range of intellectual processes, including memory, should be used in order to evaluate patterns of cognitive deficit.d. Control groups should be more extensively used in order to establish diagnostic value for an observed deficit.e. Epileptic groups, defined as in a and b, when followed over a period of time, may contribute to our knowledge of deterioration in epilepsy.f. Only by investigating cognitive deficits along with other areas of functioning– personality, and general social efficiency – can we arrive at an overall concept of the consequences of the epile

ISSN:0013-9580    

DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1937.tb05574.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0013-9580    

DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1937.tb05575.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0013-9580    

DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1937.tb05576.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1It is calculated from available data that there are about 460,000 epileptics of employable age (15–59) in the U. S. A. representing>potential manpower pool for military service. The actual number available cannot be determined because no figures are available as to the number of epileptics who are able to maintain constant employment.2The peculiarities of military service, the necessity for special handling of the epileptic and the high cost of separation and post‐service compensation must be weighed against the potential contribution to the military service.3Despite rigid exclusion policies many epileptics are inducted, and they constitute a disproportionate number of neuropsychiatric cases in the services. The percentage of epileptics seen on the Neurological Section of an Army General Hospital was more than twice as great as on the Neurological Section of a Veterans Administration Hospital with a special epilepsy service (32.6% and 16.2%).4In 77.3 induction was due to failure of adequate screening (disregard of patient's statement in 40%, failure to question in 37.3%).556% of all patients with a history of epilepsy before induction had to be hospitalized during the first five months of military service; 73% during the first eight months.6The problems of acceptance and rejection for military service have not yet been satisfactorily solved. Although more employment in private industry seems practicable, military service ap>ears not feasible without many changes in attitudes and regulati

ISSN:0013-9580    

DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1937.tb05577.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary1In eight patients with petit mal EEGs (approximately thirty) were taken. During the seizure patterns various external stimuli were applied. In these cases clinical and electroencc‐phalographic changes were observed simultaneously and relationships between the two were studied.2In petit mal attacks there are various degrees of alteration of consciousness grading from almost no loss of consciousness to complete lapse of consciousness. Between subclinical and clinical seizures there is a transition, and it is difficult to determine a definite border line between the two.3liven in a single petit mal seizure the degree of disturbance of consciousness is not constant but is altered in various ways spontaneously or following various stimuli. This can be confirmed by applying various stimuli during die seizure.4There are often no changes in the seizure waves in spite of changes of consciousness during a petit mal seizure. Even though various responses are elicited by stimuli the petit mal waves sometimes continue unchanged. Therefore even though petit mal waves usually do show the presence of disturbance of consciousness, they do not always indicate the degree of alteration of consciousness during the seizur

ISSN:0013-9580    

DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1937.tb05578.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

It is asserted by some that the cerebrum is the organ of mind, and that it is not a motor organ. Some think the cerebrum is to be likened lo an instrumentalist. and the motor centres to the instrument; one part is for ideas, and the other for movements. It may then be asked, How can discharge of part of a mental organ produce motor symptoms only? I say motor symptoms only, because, to give sharpness to the argument, I will suppose a case in which there is unilateral spasm without loss of consciousness. But of what “substance” can the organ of mind be composed, unless of processes representing movements and impressions: and how can the convolutions differ from the inferior centres, except as parts representing more intricate co‐ordinations of impressions and movements in time and space than they do? Are we to believe that the hemisphere is built on a plan fundamentally different from that of the motor tract? What can an “idea,” say of a ball, be, except a process representing certain impressions of surface and particular muscular adjustments? What is recollection, but a revivification of such processes which, in the past, have become part of the organism itself? What is delirium, except the disorderly revival of sensori‐motor processes received in the past? What is a mistake in a word, but a wrong movement, a chorea? Giddiness can be but the temporary loss or disorder of certain relations in space, chiefly made up of muscular feelings. Surely the conclusion is irresistible, that “mental” symptoms from disease of the hemisphere are fundamentally like hemiplegia, chorea, and convulsions, however specially different. They must all be due to lack, or to disorderly development, or sensori

ISSN:0013-9580    

DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1937.tb05579.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

(Since some of the following discussions were not presented orally, no chronological arrangement is possible. They are, therefore, presented alphabetically.)

ISSN:0013-9580    

DOI:10.1111/j.1528-1157.1937.tb05580.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1937

数据来源: WILEY