This review of literature on the lower respiratory tract in pediatric patients deals first with the interest in the new imaging procedures in congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation and pulmonary sequestration. Another article shows that very early prenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia does not statistically change the clinical outcome even after the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. Among other topics mentioned are tracheal complications of esophageal atresia after surgical repair, esophageal achalasia, congenital lobar emphysema, neonatal distress syndrome, and particularly the ultrasonographic appearance of hyaline membrane disease. Several articles are analyzed that concern infectious diseases of the lung (mycoplasma pneumonia, herpes simplex virus pneumonia, tuberculosis in the neonatal period, pulmonary aspergillosis in patients affected by chronic septic granulomatosis), aspirated foreign bodies (and particularly the frequency of sequelae disclosed by the association of plain film radiology and lung ventilation-perfusion scintigraphy in the long-term follow-up), lipoid pneumonia, pulmonary calcifications after cardiac surgery, esophageal malpositioning of endotracheal tubes, and bronchoadenomas in children.