Review of the Kurchatov Institute program on negative ion beam is given. Main tasks of the program: (i) Negative ion sources development, discharge plasma H−1(D−) sources with and withoutCs; investigation of alternative possibilities; rf‐driven discharges for negative ion sources; (ii) Negative ion accelerators, ES acceleration. Numerical simulations, preliminary experiments, proof‐of‐principle test stand construction (MIN‐2). rf acceleration (preliminary proposal); (iii) H−(D−) beam neutralizers, gas neutralizer (construction for MIN‐2), plasma neutralizer (designing and modeling), laser neutralizer (preliminary investigation and modeling); (iv) ITER NB system designing; (v) ITER NBI test stand designing (STIN project).