Head injury patients often develop vertigo and imbalance. The mechanisms of these symptoms include unilateral or bilateral vestibular hypofunction, benign paroxysmal positioning vertigo (BPPV), and central vestibular dysfunction. Vestibular rehabilitation techniques have developed over the past 50 years to help patients compensate for these deficits. Liberatory maneuvers effectively treat BPPV. Rotational head movements with visual fixation (ie, vestibulo-ocular reflex [VOR] exercises) may enhance compensation for vestibular hypofunction. Motion habituation may decrease dizziness associated with head movements. Balance retraining can improve stability during ambulation. While few controlled studies have been performed, results suggest fair to good efficacy for most vestibular diagnoses, especially BPPV.