THE ROYAL INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND FOUNDED 1877 INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER 1885 Patron -H.M. THE KING JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS PART IV 1945 Publications Committee 1945-46 F. P. Dunn (Chairman),A. L. Bacharach F. Challenger R. C. Chirnside L. Eynon, Alexander Findlay (President) Osman Jones D. Jordan-Lloyd H. Moore and J. H. Quastel Issued under the supervision of the Publications Committee H. J. T.ELLINGHAM Secretary. 30 RUSSELLSQUARE W.C.x LONDON August 1945. Proceedings of the Council Council Meeting 15th June 1945.-The Council received resolutions passed at a meeting of the Cape Section in February in connexion with the questionnaire and recorded its appreciation of the interest which the Section had taken in these matters.In order to facilitate the conduct of business it was agreed that except in very exceptional circumstances at least two weeks’ notice should be given of meetings of Special Committees. The Council adopted a recommendation of the Committee on Revision of Charter and By-laws that application should be made in due course for the grant of a new Charter instead of making the revision of the existing Charter the subject of a Supplemental Charter. The Report of the Finance and House Committee referred inter alia to staff matters; finances of Sections (referred to the Annual Conference of Honorary Secretaries) ; actions arising in connexion with the prospective de-requisitioning of the basement of 30 Russell Square by the Holborn Borough Council; and the possibility of adapting the existing meeting room to provide urgently needed office accommodation.The Report was received and adopted. Reports of the Nominations Examinations and Institutions Committee on 25th May 7th and 15th June were adopted and the recommendations for admission to Studentship and to Examination and for election to the Associateship and Fellowship were approved. Congratulations were sent to members and to a registered student on whom public honours had recently been conferred (see p. 151). It was reported that representatives of the Institute and the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists had met the Chief Medical Officer of the Ministry of Health on 1st June and discussed proposals under consideration for the establishment of a Public Health Laboratory Service on a national basis as part of the post-war health services.A memorandum was being prepared by the Joint Committee of the Institute and the Society on “The Role of the Chemist in Public Health Services.’’ Consideration was given to arrangements for enabling members and Registered Students who hold positions of a temporary character or who are serving in the Forces to obtain permanent appointments as soon as they are released or demobilised. A scheme for facilitating such re-employment was approved (see JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 1945,Part 111 p. 98). Reports of the Publications and Library Committee (23rd May and 13th June) were received and adopted. These reports referred inter alia to lectures accepted for publication ; arrangements for the Streatfeild Memorial Lecture 1945,recommending That Mr.W. Gordon Carey be invited to give the lecture (an invitation which has since been accepted); preparation of JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, Part 111; the desirability of providing members with more information on proceedings of Council as soon as conditions permit either by extending the reports or by including in the Journal special articles on questions of major interest; the setting up of C 1341 a Special Committee to prepare detailed proposals as to the selection of books and periodicals to be kept in the Institute's library and as to the disposal of unwanted volumes; and policy with regard to development of the Journal.A suggestion from the Belfast and District Section that the names and addresses of all students graduating in British universities with chemistry as a main subject be published from time to time in the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, as soon as circumstances permit was referred to the Publica- tions and Library Committee. In response to an invitation previously reported (JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1945 Part 111 p. 97) representatives of the Ministry of Education attended part of the meeting of the Council and explained the views of the Ministry on the inclusion of technological subjects in courses for the Ordinary National Certificate in Chemistry and answered questions arising from these explanations. With reference to an invitation to appoint representatives to serve on a new Advisory Commit tee in Science of the Municipal Technical College Blackburn it was agreed that the College be supplied with the names of several members who might be prepared to serve leaving it to the College to invite one of them.Council Meeting 20th July 1945.-The Council had before it the Report of the Conference of Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections (Confer- ence Report) and considered the various matters raised (see p. 138) in relation to other reports and communications on these subjects. With regard to the basis of proposed changes in the By-laws referring to the constitution of the Council'and the method of nomination and election of Members of Council (JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 1945 Part I pp.39-40) the Council noted objections that had been put forward (Conference Report para. 10,and subsequent communications from several Sections) to the scheme for replacing District Members of Council by members elected on a regional basis as part of the plan to reduce the size of the Council. It was reported that these objections were being carefully considered by the Committee on Revision of the Charter and By-laws and that full account would be taken of them in preparing recommendations for submission to the Council in due course. Proposed changes in the Rules of the South Yorkshire Section (involving an alteration of its name to the Sheffield and North Midlands Section) and of the Dublin Section were approved subject to arrangements being made between the former and the Leeds Area Section with regard to a modification of the boundary of the Section area.A petition with supporting documents received from members residing or employed in the Hull area asking permission to form a Local Section of the Institute in that area was accepted subject to agreement being reached with neighbouring Sections regarding the boundaries of the area of the proposed new Section and to approval of Rules to be drawn up for its conduct. The thanks of the Council were expressed to W. Heffer & Sons Ltd. for looking after and maintaining a duplicate register of the Institute in Cam- bridge during the war. It was agreed that arrangements be made if possible for holding an [135 1 Institute Luncheon to which official guests would be invited on the day of the Annual General Meeting (nth March 1946).The Report of the Finance and House Committee referred inter alia to staff pensions; Local Section finances (Conference Report para. 8);the scale of life composition fees; the Institute’s share in the cost of maintenance of the Library of the Chemical Society for 1944;increases in the sums for which the property of the Institute is insured; and proposals for conversion of the meeting room into offices. The Report was received and adopted and in response to an enquiry from the Manchester and District Section it was agreed that the cost of providing light refreshments to new Associates who had joined the Section since the beginning of the war and were being intro- duced to the Section at a social meeting should be allowed as a charge on Institute funds.It was reported that a declaration of trust in connexion with a prize provided by Messrs. Newton Chambers & Co. Ltd. (JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1945 Part 111 p. 99) had been duly signed and sealed on behalf of the Company. The Report of the Benevolent Fund Committee dealing with routine financial matters and a review of current cases and of two new cases was received and adopted. The Committee reported receipt of l240 on account of a sum due under the Will of the late H. E. Brothers Fellow. Reports of the Nominations Examinations and Institutions Committee of 15th June 12th July and 20th July were received and adopted. Points raised in para.4 and 5 of the Conference Report (pp. 139-140) were noted and suggestions put forward therein together with a request from the Bristol and South-Western Counties Section that further consideration be given to the possibility of the Institute setting up a legal advice service for its members were referred to the Committee on Economic Status and Welfare. It was reported that forms in connexion with the Directory of Consultants were being returned satisfactorily and that a similar form had been issued by the Institution of Chemical Engineers to its members. The completion and despatch of the memorandum to the Minister of Health (see Report of Council Meeting 15th June above) was reported. On questions relating to the technical education and status of laboratory technicians referred to in the Conference Report para.3 and in correspond- ence with the Institute of Physics and the London and South-Eastern Counties Section it was agreed to await further developments. The Council received observations made by the Board of the Institute of Physics on a draft document prepared by the Joint Council of Professional Scientists on the provision of scientific advice and assistance to industry and agreed to a suggestion by the Board to refer back the draft for recon- sideration of certain specified sections. Recommendations of the Assessors for the award of National Certificates (Northern Ireland and National Certificates (Scotland) were approved. Following consideration of the statement of the views of the Ministry of Education (England and Wales) on the inclusion of technological subjects in courses for the Ordinary National Certificate in Chemistry (see Report of Council Meeting 15th June above) the Council re-affirmed its previous decision (Report of Council Meeting 23rd March JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1945,Part 11 p.58) that the inclusion of such subjects at this stage was c 136 1 unsatisfactory and that no schemes including technological courses would be approved by the Institute’s representatives in future. Consideration of the resolution in the Conference Report para. I that the Council be asked to explore the possibility of re-establishing an Inter- mediate Examination for the Associateship was deferred to a later meeting. The Council received letters of appreciation from a number of members who had attended the course on Colloid Science held at Cambridge under the auspices of the Birmingham and Midlands Section and expressed its thanks to Mr.Joiner for the valuable service that he had rendered to the Institute in organising this course. In a letter signed by 32 members it was suggested that the Institute should arrange similar courses at various centres in the future and specific proposals were received from members as to subjects on which courses were desired. The Council recognising the importance of promoting the development of this field of work decided to set up a Special Committee to examine the whole question of the organisation of such courses. A suggestion by the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists that the Institute should give serious consideration to the possi- bility of encouraging by means of its examinations the study of micro- chemical methods was referred to the Board of Examiners.After considering replies from certain cognate bodies to an invitation to join with the Institute in a conference to consider a scheme for drawing up precise definitions of scientific terms (cJ Report of Council Meeting 23rd March JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1945 Part 11 p. 59) it was decided to call a meeting of representatives of the bodies concerned to examine the practicability of the scheme and ways and means of putting it into effect. Dr. G. Roche Lynch was reappointed a member of the Poisons Board for a further period of three years with effect from 1st November 1945 and Mr.G. W. Hewson was nominated as a representative on a Technical Committee of the British Standards Institution dealing with the Sampling and Analysis of Flue Gases. Reports of meetings of the Chemical Council on 18th April and 20th June were received referring inter alia to the co-option of two representatives of the Faraday Society as members of the Chemical Council; approval by the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry of a recommendation that there should be a common application form for candidates for election to the two Societies who wish to participate in the joint subscription scheme; agreement that the schedule of prices of publications under the joint subscription scheme should be the same in 1945 as in 1944; that the three Constituent Bodies be asked to contribute to the maintenance of the Chemical Society’s Library for 1944 on the same basis as for 1943; and a suggestion that a general review of the work of the Chemical Council since its formation be published.Communications were received from the Association of Technologists of the River Plate offering facilities for communication with technicians in the Argentine ; and from the East African Association of Engineers notifying the formation of this body at the request of Corporate Members of various engineering and cognate institutions resident in East Africa including the Royal Institute of Chemistry. Other matters referred to in the Conference Report were noted.Report of the Thirteenth Conference of Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections 16th June 1945 at 10 a.m. Present.-Professor Alexander Findlay President in the Chair ; Mr. A. I,. Bacharach Vice-president; Mr. J. C. White Hon. Treasurer; Mr. D. W. Menzies (Aberdeen and North of Scotland) Mr. C. S. McDowell (Belfast and District); Mr. E. M. Joiner (Birmingham and Midlands) ;Mr. F. P. Hornby (Bristol and South-Western) ; Mr. H. F. Adams (Cardiff and District); Dr. A. G. G. Leonard (Dublin and District); Dr. J. W. Corran (East Anglia); Dr. C. Whitworth (East Midlands); Mr. G. Elliot Dodds (Edin- burgh and East of Scotland) ; Mr. H. G. A. Anderson (Glasgow and West of Scotland) ; Dr. E. H. Goodyear (Huddersfield); Mr.W. A. Wightman (Leeds Area); Mr. H. Weatherall (Liverpool and North-Western) ; Mr. S. G. E. Stevens (London and South- Eastern); Dr. D. A. Harper (Manchester and District); Mr. H. E. Blayden (Newcastle and North-East Coast); Mr. E. E. Ayling (South Wales); Mr. A. Taylor (South York- shire) ; Dr. F. R. Williams (Tees-side) the Secretary and the Registrar. Mr. W. G. D. Wright (Assistant Secretary Glasgow and West of Scotland) also attended. The Honorary Secretaries were welcomed by the President and introduced to the Conference by their names and the Sections that they represented. Dr. Ellingham and Mr. Collett were presented in their respective capacities of Secretary and Registrar. The President pointed out that this was the first Annual Conference since the retirement of Mr.Pilcher from the Office of Registrar and Secretary. Although Mr. Pilcher would not take part in the work of the Conference he had accepted an invitation to attend the luncheon and would be happy to meet the Honorary Secretaries during that part of the proceedings. EDUCATIONAL MATTERS WELFARE OF STUDENTS 1. The first subject to be considered was the status of National Certificates in Chemistry. Attention was drawn to the fact that in a Government Order relating to deferment of service Higher National Certificates in Engineering were grouped with the A.R.I.C. as qualifications but no reference was made to the Higher National Certificate in Chemistry. It was understood however that this grouping was due merely to all qualifications other than degrees being included in the same paragraph of the Order and did not imply any comparison of standards between the Higher National Certificate in Engineering and the A.R.I.C.The omission of any reference to National Certificates in Chemistry was reasonable in that these Certificates as such were not recognised as steps leading to the A.R.I.C. The Ordinary National Certificate in Chemistry did not have a uniform significance as there was an option of including in it a technological subject and thus of omitting some part of the instruction in the fundamentals of chemistry. The considered view of the Chemistry Education Advisory Board was that the Ordinary National Certificate in Chemistry should cover only fundamental science and might then be followed by two distinct Higher Certificates one in pure the other in applied chemistry.The Ordinary National Certificate in Chemistry and the Higher National Certificate in Pure Chemistry might then be acceptable to the Institute as successive steps towards the A.R.I.C. This suggestion had been taken up with the Education Authorities but the Ministry of Education (England and Wales) had expressed the desire to retain the option of including in the Ordinary National Certificate in Chemistry a technological subject with a view to providing also for candidates who were unlikely to proceed to a professional qualification. The matter was still under discussion with the Ministry. The following were among the views expressed at the Conference :-(a) Students who decided so take a technological subject at the Ordinary National Certificate stage were not only cutting themselves off from the prospect of proceeding to a professional qualification but were liable to Iack the background of fundamental knowledge of chemistry and essential ancillary subjects that was required even in technological applications.Many students realised this danger of working to a dead end and confined their studies to pure science at this stage; they appreciated that the balance of technological training was generally better obtained in industry itself (b) Because the National Certificates in Chemistry were not recognised as definite steps towards the A.R.I.C. the student was expected to decide at an early stage whether he should aim at a professional qualification or not.Some felt afterwards that their [ 1381 choice often made unwittingly had been wrong but then found that it was difficult to rectify their mistake. The need to make such a decision at that early stage was very undesirable. (c) It would be unfortunate if the Institute withdrew its support from the National Certificate scheme for this would remove a useful bridge by which students who had to work in evening classes were enabled to attain to a professional qualification. More-over so long as the Certificates were scheduled as being in “Chemistry,” the Institute must have a direct interest in their nature and scope. On the other hand if agreement could not be reached with the Ministry whereby the National Certificates became acceptable as definite steps towards the A.R.I.C.some other step should be established for there was a real need that the student proceeding to the A.R.I.C. by six years of study should be enabled to have his progress assessed at an intermediate stage. A resolution moved by Mr. Elliot Dodds and seconded by Dr. Corran- “That the Council be asked to explore the possibility of re-establishing an Intermediate Examination for the Associateship ’’ was carried by 13 votes to 2. 2. The possibility of catering more effectively for the interests and needs of students was raised by the London and South-Eastern Counties Section. From incomplete replies so far received to a questionnaire issued by that Section to its Students it appeared that there was a demand for lectures informal talks debates and social functions-in that order; it was understood that over 70 per cent.of the registered Students in the area were not attached to any College Chemical Society. It was pointed out that conditions differed greatly in other Sections; in many the number of students was too small to make the introduction of special arrangements worth while particularly as a majority of these students were at Colleges or technical schools where most of their needs were duly covered. Nevertheless various arrangements had been made from time to time in several Sections to interest students National Certificate holders and other young people in the work of the Institute by holding special lectures sometimes jointly with College Societies; by inviting senior school boys and girls to attend certain lectures or other meetings.It was recalled however that even in London an attempt to run a Students’ Association did not meet with lasting success ; works visits and social events were well supported but as regards lectures it was found that full-time students were mostly satisfied by the facilities available in their own institutions while evening students had not the time to spare. It was agreed that in order that Local Sections might be able to consider the general problem of welfare of students and other young people it would be helpful if the Hoa. Secretaries could be provided regularly with up-to-date lists of the names and addresses of Registered Students in their areas. A suggestion that lists of students graduating at British Universities should be published at appropriate times was not practicable at present but would be borne in mind for the future.It was also agreed that when conditions permitted Hon. Secretaries should be furnished with fresh sets of index cards of members in their areas every two or three years. 3. With reference to the possibility of making provision for the better technical education of laboratory assistants and their certification in respect of general and special branches of laboratory arts and practices it was reported that when this matter was raised recently the Council had recognised its importance in relation to scientific progress and industrial development but had inclined to the view that apart from ensuring that there were adequate facilities for enabling the exceptional laboratory technician to proceed to a professional qualification it was better to leave to laboratory technicians themselves the important task of establishing standards of qualification within their own field covering laboratories in all branches of science.The Council had indicated that it would look with favour on the formation of an association of technicians in science laboratories that would aim at raising standards of work of laboratory technicians and thus secure for them a recognised status; and that the Council would be prepared to give advice and guidance to such an association if it were formed. ECONOMIC WELFAREAND STATUSOF MEMBERS 4. The Conference welcomed the statement on Economic Welfare of Members AND PROCEEDINGS, that had appeared in JOURNAL 1945 Part 11 pp.80-81 but expressed concern as to how the general principles set forth in the report might be applied in practice. It was pointed out that the report was necessarily in the nature of a preliminary survey and it would be for the newly constituted Committee on Economic Status and Welfare to consider in detail how effect could best be given to the general proposals. C 139 1 With regard to the remuneration of members it was explained that the Executive Officers frequently gave advice to employers on salary ranges appropriate to particular classes of work at a given time but that the value attached to this advice was largely dependent on its being given in confidence and impartially; it was often not possible to discover how far such advice was followed in particular instances although the general effect over a period of time was certainly considerable.Again it was known that the publication from time to time of salary statistics had had an important influence in raising the general economic status of the profession but it was not possible to claim publicly that the salaries of any specified group of chemists had been raised thereby even where there was good reason to believe this to be true. In fact it was very difficult to publish any evidence of improvements in the remuneration or conditions of service of individual members or groups of members resulting from the activities of the Institute in this field without some risk of undermining confidence or weakening the influence which the Institute was able to exert in such matters.This influence was already considerable and the Institute was now in a strong position to secure still wider recognition from Government departments and industrial firms as the body concerned with the professional interests of chemists. The Committee on Economic Status and Welfare could certainly consider all practicable means for keeping members informed as to what the Institute was doing in these matters. It was hoped when conditions permitted to give more information in the Journal on the implications of Government Orders relating to conditions of employment as well as to other matters. 5. Reference was again made to the possibility of the Institute operating an unemployment and health insurancc scheme.This was admitted to be a difficult question; many members were already covered through their employers and the incidence of State Insurance would be a complicating factor. It appeared therefore that there could be no question of imposing a compulsory scheme although a voluntary scheme rnight be considered. In this connexion it was realised that the Benevolent Fund was sometimes used to assist members who were in difficulties through sickness or temporary unemployment but it was considered that such a system savoured of charity. The general question of how far and under what conditions the Institute might be able to provide sickness and unemployment benefits would be considered carefully by the Committee on Economic Status and Welfare.The attention of the Committee on the Revision of the Charter and By-laws had already been drawn to the desirability of ensuring that the Institute should be in a position to do all that a Chartered body could legitimately do in this direction. In reply to an enquiry as to steps that might be taken to secure the establishment in industry of superannuation schemes such as would permit transfer to or from employ- ment of similar or different types without loss of benefits it was stated that attention had been drawn to the desirability of such schemes in the recently issued document on "Suggested Clauses for Incorporation in Contracts of Service for Chemists " (JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1945 Part 11 p.82). Further moves in this direction would have to come from industry itself but the Institute would use its influence in support wherever possible. AND PROCEDURELOCAL SECTIONS ORGANISATION OF 6. With regard to the problem of avoiding duplication in the issue of notices of meetings held jointly with the other two Chartered Bodies the Chemical Council had suggested that those two bodies should draw up lists of their members who desired to receive notices of meetings in certain specified centres; and that the Institute should delete from these lists the names of persons who were members of the Institute and return them to the bodies concerned. The Institute would then continue to issue notices of such joint meetings to its members in the relevant Sections whilst the other two bodies would need to notify only those of their members whose names had not been deleted from their respective lists.This procedure which admittedly would go only part of the way to removing existing difficulties was probably all that could be done at present without imposing notable additional burdens on the staffs of the three bodies. 7. A suggestion that it might be desirable further to co-ordinate the Rules of Local Sections without limiting however the inclusion of certain special rules to meet local needs was not considered likely to confer sufficient benefits to warrant the undertaking of the task at the present time. It was agreed however that the Secretary should examine the existing sets of Rules with a view to discovering the scope for further codification and any advantages that might result therefrom.An assurance was given that in view of this decision applications for approval by Council of certain proposed changes of Rules previously submitted by two Sections would now be referred back to Council. L 140 1 8. The question of whether Local Sections desired any change in the basis of allocation of their annual grants as for example by providing that a Section should receive a certain annual sum irrespective of the number of members plus a per capita grant was answered in the negative. It was agreed however that it would be an advantage to standardise the form in which the annual statements of accounts were drawn up by the Sections and if practicable to arrange for the financial years of all Sections to end on the same date preferably 31st December so as to coincide with the financial year of the Institute itself.This latter proposal would be referred to the Section Committees. 9. It was agreed that in the event of a Section desiring to hold a meeting in the area of another Section the Hon. Secretary of the former should first seek the approval of the other Section concerned and keep the latter informed of all the arrangements being made. AND ELECTION CONSTITUTION OF COUNCIL 10. Considerable discussion took place on the proposed alterations in the By-laws relating to the constitution of the Council (JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 1945 Part I pp. 39-40). Some doubt was expressed as to whether the Council as at present constituted was in fact too large and there were widespread misgivings with regard to the provision for only fourteen Regional Members of Council.A strong plea was put forward for increasing the proportion of District (Regional) Members to General Members of Council beyond that proposed in the new draft By-laws on the following grounds District Members know personally most of the Fellows and Associates in the smaller Sections and in any event have specialised knowledge of local affairs and interests and are thus qualified to represent those interests on the Council and to act as intermediaries through which opinions of the Sections may be brought directly to the notice of the Council; in so far as experience has shown that a Member for a District including two Sections finds it difficult adequately to represent those Sections in that he cannot be expected always to attend the meetings of their Committees such representation would become still more difficult if not impossible if the boundaries of Regions were extended to cover more than two Sections or were redrawn so as not to be conterminous with Section boundaries ;adequate representation of areas outside London is of special import- ance because the interests of London are always well represented by Vice-presidents and General Members of Council and in any event London Members can readily keep in close touch with headquarters.Reference was made to resolutions already submitted to Council by the South Wales and the Cardiff and District Sections regarding the desira- bility of retaining Wales and the County of Monmouth (but excluding the County of Flint) as a unit (JOURNAL 1945 Part 111).There was some support AND PROCEEDINGS for the view that no change should be made in the present system unless it were such as to provide each Section with its own member of Council even if this meant a further drastic reduction in the number of General Members of Council. Against these views it was pointed out by the President that the proposed changes in the By-laws already provided for a very considerable reduction in the number of General Members of Council with very little change in the number of District (Regional) members; moreover provision was made for varying from time to time the proportion of the classes of members.Some importance attached to the principle that the number of Regional Members should not be determined by the number of Sections; Sections were mainly concerned with the arrangements of meetings and other events in important centres and it was desired to encourage the formation of new Sections in any centres where a demand arose ; Regions were designed however purely for electoral purposes and it seemed reasonable therefore that their number should not necessarily increase as new Sections were formed for this would result in an unlimited enlargement of the Council. It was maintained also that a Regional Member was not elected as a repre-sentative of a special body of Fellows and Associates but as an ordinary Member of the Council.Legislative questions which had bulked largely in the business of the Council recently were not expected to continue to predominate after the Charter and By-laws had been revised and in any event such questions were not settled by the Council but by a General Meeting. Apart from these legislative questions the main work of the Council was administrative and the need therefore was for men of wide administrative experience both as Regional Members and as General Members; the regional basis of election merely ensured that such members of Council were secured from various parts of the country. This did not mean that great importance was not attached to the views of the Sections; but Section Committees could always bring their views directly to the notice of the Council and if opportunity for further consultation was thought necessary the Council would be prepared to consider the possibility of arranging more frequent Conferences of Hon.Secretaries. [ 141 j It was agreed that the points of view put forward in this discussion be referred to the Sections for further consideration. 11. The Conference endorsed the resolution previously submitted to Council by the South Wales Section that for the better guidance of members a much fuller description be circulated of each candidate for election to the Council and suggested that “previous service on the Council and Committees of the Institute” be added to the particulars quoted in the resolution. GENERALPOLICY RELATIONS EXTERNAL 12.In reply to a question as to what progress had been made towards the unification of chemical bodies since the publication of an open letter signed by a number of chemists it was stated that although actual unification might be no nearer much had been done in the more practical and perhaps more desirable direction of co-operation (see p. 148). The extension of the Chemical Council’s joint subscription scheme to junior members and students should have far-reaching effects as it enabled the young chemist to become attached to the three Chartered Bodies and to enjoy a selection of their services in return for a single subscription that should be well within his means. Other steps had been taken to co-ordinate chemical publications and to secure the co-operation of other bodies in the work of the Chemical Council.13. The possibility was again raised of being able to reserve the title “Chemist” for members of our profession as distinct from pharmacists but it was agreed that this should not be considered further at the present time. 14. On the question of publicity it was reported that several Sections had appointed Recorders to prepare reports of meetings for the press. It was suggested that Sections might detail members to act as liaison officers with University staffs and graduates. Copies of the Chemical Council’s brochure and of the publicity leaflet of the Institute were available for distribution. In order to facilitate exchange of ideas on publicity it was proposed that Honorary Secretaries should send to the Secretary information on their present and projected activities in this field.There was scope for stimulating more interest in Institute affairs and meetings. Postal ballots taken by the Institute generally yielded disappointingly small returns 15. The Conference received a statement by the Chairman of the Publications Committee on conditions under which publications should be issued by the Institute. It was suggested that if copies of papers which were presented at Section meetings but could not be published in full were available they might be deposited at the Institute for reference. It was agreed that authors should always see summaries of their papers before such summaries were published in the Journal. Attention was drawn to facilities provided by the Scientific Film Association and the Secretary undertook to circulate information on those facilities.16. Reference was made to the need for scientific apparatus in the rehabilitation of laboratories in the liberated countries of Europe. Enquiries were being made as to organisations through which spare apparatus might be sent. 17. Hon. Secretaries were reminded that copies of past Examination Papers could be supplied. There did not seem to be any point in including passages set for translation at the Institute’s Examinations. 18. It was agreed to recommend that the practice of presenting Certificates at Section Meetings be resumed as soon as possible. It would be necessary to ask each Member if he wished to receive his Certificate at such a meeting or by post.The Conference adjourned for lunch at 12.30 p.m. and resumed its sitting in the afternoon until 4 p.m. The President thanked the Honorary Secretaries for their attendance. Votes of thanks were accorded to the President for presiding and also to the Executive Officers. Fraternal greetings were sent to the Honorary Secretaries of Sections overseas. [ 1421 Local Sections (The Institute is not responsible for views expressed in papers or in speeches read durzng discussions.) Birmingham and Midlands.-This year the programme for Midland Chemists’ Day was more ambitious than usual and the Annual Luncheon at the Botanical Gardens Edgbaston on 26th May was followed by a Garden Party and a Dance. About 190 people attended the Luncheon ; the principal guests included Alderman W.S. Lewis Chairman of the Birmingham Public Works Committee; Sir Peter Innes Chief Education Officer for Birmingham; Professor W. N. Haworth F.R.S. President of the Chemical Society; and Professor E. K. Rideal F.R.S. President of the Society of Chemical Industry. In welcoming the guests and proposing the toast of “The City of Birmingham,” the Chairman Mr. Garfield Thomas referred to the variety of Birmingham’s industries and to the fight waged against disease in the city hospitals. Coupled with the need for more houses for the people was the need for a Technical House in the Civic Centre of Birmingham. The various branches of science were becoming more inter-dependent and the enthusiasm for a common meeting-room was growing.Alderman W. S. Lewis referring to slum-clearance schemes and housing projects said the aim must be to make Birmingham the best city in the world. He thought industrial prosperity demanded facilities for research and getting together and he would like to see a science institute in the Civic Centre. It could be justified. The toast of “The Profession of Chemistry-Pure and Applied” was proposed by Sir Peter Innes who suggested that the need for a Technical House might be met sooner if facilities were provided in the new technical college to be built in Birmingham. He thought the demand for scientific workers in industry would increase and that there should be increased opportunities for research and refresher courses.He congratulated Birmingham chemists on their enterprise in arranging refresher courses. Professor W. N. Haworth in replying said that the universities would be only too glad to supply the needs of young scientists in industry and those of teachers who wished to know what was the state of fundamental research at the present time. He thought there should be no division among chemists and that one society should represent the science of chemistry. As President of the Chemical Society he had set enquiries afoot to see how fusion could be brought about. Professor E. K. Rideal in responding remarked that there was an opinion among many public men and widely held in the Civil Service that science should always be on tap but never on top. It did not follow however that because a man was an eminent scientist he was a good administrator; yet in fact many scientists were capable administrators.More than 500 chemists and their friends attended the Garden Party and among those who enjoyed the various amusements provided were nearly 100 children. A demonstration of bee-keeping methods provided a very popular feature as did the novelty amusements devised by chemists of Bakelite Ltd. Finally for those who could stay the course (about 250 did) there was a Dance in the evening. By general agreement a good party not unworthy of Victory Year! East Anglian Section.-The following have been appointed to fill casual vacancies on the Committee until the next General Meeting Dr. Frank Briers of Norwich; Mr. G.H. Whyatt of Ipswich. London and South-Eastern Counties.-In the Lecture Theatre of the Pharma- ceutical Society on 18th April Mr. G. T. Bray delivered a lecture entitled “Some Empire Vegetable Drying Oils,” which was illustrated by lantern slides and exhibits. A lively discussion ensued. At the Chemical Society Burlington House W.l on 16th May Dr. E. C. Barton- Wright delivered a lecture entitled ‘‘The Theory and Practice of the Microbiological Assay of the Vitamin-B Complex selected Amino-acids and Potassium ” before a large and deeply interested audience. Part of the lecture has been published in The Analyst 1945 50 283. Parties of members enjoyed a visit to the Building Research Station Garston near Watford on 20th June and a visit to Rothamsted Experimental Station Harpenden on 18th July.c 143 1 Note The lecture given on 21st March by Professor H. T. S. Brittoii at a joint meeting of the Section and the London and Home Counties Section of the Institute of Physics on “The Mechanism of Electrode Measurements” will form the basis of an article to be published shortly in the Journal of Scient@c Instruments. Manchester and District Section.-The Annual General Meeting of the Section was held on 17th May 1945 in the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester with Mr. H. Stevenson in the Chair. The meeting proper was preceded by an informal dinner held at the Engineers’ Club. Following the Secretary’s report and the re-election of Dr. Harper as Secretary and of Messrs. Probert and Gray as Auditors the following members were elected to fill vacancies on the Committee Prof.E. L. Hirst Dr. E H. Rodd Mr. J. A. Radley Dr. J. 0. Cutter Dr. D. W. Hill and Dr. A. L. Hock. The Chairman then opened a discussion on “The Function of a Local Section.” He briefly outlined the history of the Manchester and District Section. Whilst in his view it was the privilege and duty of the Council to direct affairs from Headquarters Sectional members should have opportunities for expressing their views upon specific questions and he considered that Manchester had been prominent in forwarding their views to the Council. A Local Section should also take an active part in the public life of its neighbourhood and he recommended that lectures of a more general public appeal should be given.The first Dalton lecture had received a good deal of notice in the local press. The Chairman expressed the hope that when the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society were drawing up plans for a new home it should be possible for other scientific and cultural societies to co-operate so that a building capable of housing all the societies could be erected. Refresher courses should more frequently be a part of a Section’s programme and he hoped that with the improving times it would be possible to reintroduce some pre-war items such as the Annual Dinner-Dance Summer Outing etc. The Joint Syllabus for all the Scientific and Learned Societies of the Manchester area which was published from 1929 to 1939 should be revived as soon as possible.Dr. Radley emphasised the importance of a “good press,” and a number of members suggested the appointment of a publicity officer. Dr. Boon thought the two main functions of a Local Section were (a)to increase social intercourse among the members and (b) to promote the professional status of the members in relation to the life of the city as a whole. He welcomed the idea of a Central Scientific House but hoped that it would combine normal club facilities for all connected with science or industry and instanced the general nature of the Chemists’ Club in New York. Mr. Greenwood and Mr. Best stressed the importance of making new and younger members feel more at home and suggested the introduction of lectures and meetings which would arouse and maintain the interest of such members.Dr. W. McG. Morgan considered efforts should be made to make the public realise more fully the importance of science and said that the daily press was always ready to take notice of opinions expressed by technical workers on such problems as health housing etc. Both he and Mr. Hopwood expressed the view that preprints either in full or abstract form should be available before lectures and meetings as they would stimulate more fruitful discussions. The Secretary Dr. Harper explained some of the difficulties in war-time of arrang- ing full programmes of lectures and meetings of general interest. The Joint Committee of Secretaries had been re-established during last year and much closer collaboration should now be possible.Dr. Learmonth deplored the general apathy prevalent among the members particularly the younger ones and thought this might be due to the feeling that there was inadequate contact between members and Headquarters. The Chairman said that the local members of Council were always prepared to forward the views of members to Headquarters. Dr. Coulthard welcomed the ideal of a Central House and the reintroduction of an Annual Dinner-Dance and considered the pre-war custom of inviting newly elected Associates to meet the Committee at an informal dinner should be re-introduced. Mr. Marsh said that it was of some importance to consider the economic status of members. The remuneration and status of chemists were very definitely fitting subjects for Council to consider and it was peculiarly the function of a Local Section to go into such matters.The Clauses in the Contract of Service should certainly be discussed and reviewed. In connection with social activities he suggested a Ladies’ Evening at which papers of general interest to women could be read. Mr. Carroll drew attention to the advertisements appearing in the Manchester Guardian in which appointments of chemists were proposed at low salaries. [ 1441 The Chairman referred to a questionnaire which was shortly being issued by the Committee and from which it was hoped a thoroughly representative crosssection of local opinions could be obtained. A number of speakers welcomed the idea of a Central House for the local societies and also the introduction of refresher courses.The Chairman repeated that the Com- mittee were always ready to study the opinions of any members and said that the points raised during the discussion would be carefully considered. A joint meeting with the Microchemical Group of the Society of Public Analysts was held on the 25th May at the Grand Hotel. A visit to the Department of Applied Chemistry Manchester College of Technology was followed by tea and then three papers on Micro-analysis were read. At the first committee meeting of the session on 14th June Mr. J. T. Marsh was unanimously elected Chairman for the year 1945-1946. Cape of Good Hope Section.-A joint meeting of the Section and the Cape Chemical and Technological Society was held in the Department of Chemistry Univer- sity of Cape Town Rondebosch on the 11th of May.Dr. A. H. Spong chairman of the Section presided and opened a discussion on “The Political Duties of the Scientist.” On the 25th May members of the Section attended a meeting arranged by the Western Province Section of the South African Chemical Institute. Mr. H. J. Koch was in the chair. A lecture entitled “Some Topical Themes in Organic Chemistry” was delivered by Dr. W. S. Rapson. The speaker dealt with two aspects only namely modern work on the autoxidation of olefines and the mechanism of substitution on saturated carbon atoms. A joint meeting of the Cape Chemical and Technological Society the Cape Section of the Royal Institute of Chemistry and the Western Province Section of the South African Chemical Institute was held in the Department of Chemistry University of Cape Town on 8th June Mr.F. E. A. Leibbrandt presiding. Dr. R. H. Stoy of the Royal Observatory Cape Town gave an exceedingly interesting lecture on “Astrono- mical Chemistry.” Cambridge Summer School Colloid Science Course The Committee of the Birmingham and Midlands Section of the Royal Institute of Chemistry by arrangement with the Department of Colloid Science in the University of Cambridge organised a post-graduate Course in Colloid Science. The Course was held in Cambridge during the week commencing Saturday 23rd June and repeated in the following week; in all 200 members attended. The Course consisted of 17 lectures and 12 hours’ laboratory work together with a tour of the Colloid Science Research Laboratories and demonstrations of special experiments and apparatus.In addition parties visited the Low Temperature Research Station the Cavendish Laboratory and the Works of Messrs. Chivers & Son Ltd. at Histon. Members of the first Course attended an Institute Section Meeting on Saturday evening 23rd June and were warmly welcomed by the President of the Royal Institute of Chemistry (Professor Alexander Findlay). A lecture entitled “Foods as Colloid Systems” was delivered by Dr. William Clayton. On Sunday many members of the Course led by the President attended Evensong in King’s College Chapel. Following the service a tea party was held at King’s. The opening lecture of the Course was delivered by Professor E.K. Rideal and the panel of lecturers included Dr. A. E. Alexander Dr. G. S. Adair Dr. 1).D. Eley Dr. F. Eirich Dr. E. M. Frith Dr. J. H. Schulman Dr. R. R. Smith Dr. G. B. B. M. Sutherland Dr. P. Johnson and Dr. M. F. Perutz. Members of the second Course also attended an Institute Section Meeting on Saturday evening 30th June and were welcomed by the President of the Society of Chemical Industry (Professor E. K. Rideal). A lecture entitled “Colloids in Theory and in Practice” was delivered by Dr. E. H. Callow. The tea party was held at Selwyn College. [ 145 1 During the week opportunities were afforded for the discussion of problems of special interest and members of the Course were not slow to take advantage of these facilities for adding to their fundamental knowledge.Industrial problems were ventilated to the mutual advantage of the industrialist and the research worker. The Course though strenuous was much appreciated and the attendance was fully maintained throughout. The patient teaching of the demonstrators in practical work won general approval and the standard of lecturing throughout the Course was very high. The research workers who demonstrated to no less than 24 groups during the Course also deserve recognition. Finally the Committee of the Birmingham and Midlands Section desire to express their warmest thanks to Professor E. K. Rideal for his inspiring leadership to Dr. A. E. Alexander who bore the heat and burden of the day (lecturing demonstrating and arranging accommodation) to the panel of lecturers and demonstrators to the laboratory steward Mr.Fred Smith (lanternist etc.) and all who in any way contributed to the success of this venture. Note Two copies of the printed notes of the Colloid Science Course have been presented to the Library of the Institute. One of these will be retained for reference while the other will be available for loan to members. SUMMARY OF LECTURE The Biochemistry of Iodine By C. R. HARINGTON, M.A. Ph.D. F.R.S. Director of the National Institute for Medical Research Hampstead. [East Midlands Section at Leicester 18th January 1945.1 Iodine was discovered in 1813 as a direct result of the difficulty experienced by the French in obtaining supplies of saltpetre needed for the manufacture of gunpowder in the later stages of the Napoleonic wars.Saltpetre was manufactured by treatment with potash of the calcium nitrate produced in nitre beds; substitution of seaweed ash for wood ash as a source of potash led to corrosion of the vats and a search for the noxious agent revealed the presence of a new substance which formed a violet coloured vapour when heated. This substance was brought to the attention of Gay-Lussac who established its elementary character and named it iodine. Six years later the new element was again isolated this time from the common sponge. In 1820 the Geneva physician Coindet experimented with the use of iodine in the treatment of simple goitre and immediately established its value as a therapeutic agent in this disease.The reason for the striking rapidity with which the therapeutic application of iodine was made is to be sought in the history of the studies of endemic goitre which had continued for many centuries. The main feature of the distribution of the disease is its prevalence in inland and usually mountainous regions; this peculiarity had led to many speculations as to environmental factors which might be responsible for its occurrence; the consensus of opinion was that an abnormality of the water was the most likely cause of goitre. Arising from this notion favourable results had been reported from the administration of sea-water to goitrous individuals and more significant still was the persistence from the earliest times of recommendations by medical writers of the ash of sponge as a remedy for the disease.It seems to have been the association of these ideas which led Coindet to make his inspired guess that the new element iodine itself derived from marine organisms might be the active principle of the sea-water and sponge ash remedies. The implications of this idea were not pursued by Coindet possibly because the iodine treatment of goitre which was at first so successful fell into disrepute owing to misiise serious toxic effects being obtained through overdosage. The matter was taken up however about 1850 by Chatin who basing his work on the definite supposition that deficiency of iodine might be the cause of goitre made an extensive survey of the iodine contents of the waters of different districts in relation to the incidence of goitre.Looking back now on Chatin’s work with the knowledge of the great mass of observa-tions which have been made in more recent years by such workers as McClendon in America and von Fellenberg in Switzerland it seems that he was completely successful [ 146 1 in establishing the fact which is now well known that a water supply deficient in iodine necessarily involves the occurrence of goitre. At the time however his ideas were not accepted even after careful examination by a special Commission appointed by the French Academy. It is interesting to reflect that the reason for this scepticism was probably the unfamiliarity of the notion that a disease could be caused by a dietary deficiency as opposed to an actively poisonous agent.About 20 years after Chatin’s work another line of evidence connecting the thyroid gland with iodine began to develop with the demonstration that the thyroid gland was an essential organ. This fact was recognised only when it was discovered in Switzerland that total extirpation of the gland resulted in the group of symptoms namely thickening of the skin loss of hair and failure of mental activity which characterise the disease now known as myxoedema; almost simultaneously it was found in this country that the same group of symptoms arose as the result of atrophy of the thyroid. These observa- tions led directly to the theory that the gland exercised its function by imparting an essential principle to the blood and to the proof of this theory by the relief of the symptoms of myxoedema which could be effected by administration of the substance of the gland.In the light of the past history of the study of goitre it was but a short step to the assumption that iodine itself might be associated with the active principle of the thyroid and a fundamental advance was made by Baumann in 1895 when he demonstrated not only that iodine was a constituent of the gland but that it bore a definite relationship to the physiological activity of the latter. A further demonstration of the significance of iodine with respect to thyroid activity was provided by the work of Marine who showed that in simple goitre the degree of pathological enlargement of the gland was inversely proportional to the concentration of iodine which it contained.The explanation of this observation which was not apparent at the time when it was made is to be found in the balanced relationship between the thyroid and anterior pituitary glands; the normal state of activity of the thyroid is maintained by the thyrotrophic hormone of the anterior pituitary the output of which is itself regdated by the amount of circulating thyroid hormone; when iodine is deficient the amount of thyroid hormone falls off and the output of thyrotrophic hormone increases the result being an enlarged and overactive thyroid containing little iodine. Ever since Baumann’s discovery of the direct association of iodine with the active principle of the thyroid attempts had been made to isolate a pure iodine-containing compound from the gland; success was first achieved by Kendall in 1914 who isolated the compound which he named thyroxine and which is responsible for the physiological activity of the thyroid.Later work by Harington improved the method of isolation and made it possible to determine by degradation and ultimately by synthesis that thyroxine is a tetra-iodo derivative of the p-hydroxyphenyl ether of tyrosine I I I I Since the proof of the constitution of thyroxine much work by many different methods has been directed to the problem of its biosynthesis and the explanation of this process is now almost complete. It is clear that thyroxine is formed from tyrosine through 3 5-di-iodotyrosine by oxidative coupling of two molecules of the latter.This process can be followed in the animal body with the aid of radio-active iodine and the direct oxidation of di-iodotyrosine to thyroxine has recently been effected in the laboratory. Oxidising agents which are able to bring this reaction about are hydrogen peroxide and iodine itself. The observation that iodine is effective is of special interest in relation to the process which probably occurs in the body and the following sequence of events may now be postulated. Iodine taken in the food is absorbed as iodide; by the action of oxidising systems in the body tissues free iodine will be liberated which will have two functions (a) to iodinate tyrosine and (b) to oxidise some of the resulting di-iodo- tyrosine to thyroxine. It may be supposed that this is a general reaction in body tissues and there is indeed evidence that extrathyroidal formation of thyroxine can occur ; it is therefore probable that the special function of the thyroid is to concentrate iodine which it does with great efficiency so that under normal conditions it is almost entirely in this gIand that the process of synthesis of thyroxine and its subsequent storage take place.Joint Subscription Arrangements for the Three Chartered Chemical Bodies In a period which now extends over more than a century chemists have been active in founding and developing a considerable number of societies and institutions to provide the various services required for the promotion of their expanding scientific technological professional and general interests.With the rapid growth of the im- portance of chemistry in practically every phase of the life of the community new and continuously changing relations between the various branches of science and their applications have emerged and the interests of individual chemists have become so varied and complex that they can rarely be covered by the services provided by any one of the existing chemical bodies. The result is that most chemists have felt the need for joining several societies and institutions but many especially those who did not require all the services provided by a number of such bodies were deterred from going as far as they would like in this direction by the expense of several full annual subscriptions. Some societies providing facilities that have a direct appeal to only a somewhat limited number of specialists though of great importance to the progress of chemistry as a whole have thus been unable to derive an adequate income from subscriptions.One obvious remedy for this state of affairs would be to amalgamate all the bodies concerned with chemistry into one large organisation and several attempts have been made to bring about such unification but so far without success. Each body takes a just pride in its own work and fears that incorporation in a larger organisation might limit the free development of its specialised activities. Moreover most of the estab- lished chemical bodies have grown into substantial entities each with its own individual character and traditions and many of their supporters are unwilling to see them sub- merged in what might become an amorphous and unwieldy federation out of personal touch with the varied interests and aspirations of its members.Whatever might be the possibilities of some measure of federation in the future it had long been realised that much could be done by co-operation between existing chemical bodies to mitigate the difficulties referred to above and one of the most im- portant steps in this direction was that taken by the three Chartered Chemical Bodies- the Chemical Society the Royal Institute of Chemistry and the Society of Chemical Industry-in adopting the Joint Membership Subscription Scheme put forward by the Chemical Council. Under the provisions of this arrangement which came into effect on 1st Tanuary 1941 a member of all three bodies (or of the Chemical Society and the Society’ of Chemical Industry only) is enabled to obtain by payment of a single annual subscription all the general privileges pertaining to his grade of membership in each body and to receive publications up to a specified limiting value but freely chosen from the schedule of all those issued by the three bodies furthermore additional publications can be purchased at reduced prices.This arrangement was widely welcomed for it enables the average chemist to obtain a range of the services that he actually needs selected freely from those provided by several independent bodies in return for a single payment that is substantially less than the sum of the separate subscriptions to the bodies concerned.Moreover the chemist thus achieves the satisfaction of knowing that he is paying his fair share towards the cost of maintaining and developing not only the services that he himself needs but also those required by the chemical community as a whole. When this joint subscription arrangement was introduced it was realised that it afforded only a partial solution of the problem; the scheme needed to be extended both by the provision of special terms for junior members and for students as well as by securing the co-operation of other chemical bodies. The former of these requirements was met Ly the revised Joint Membership-Subscription Arrangements subsequently adopted by the three Chartered Bodies on the recommendation of the Chemical Council and brought into effect on 1st January 1944.Progress in the Iatter direction has proved more difficult especially under war conditions but a beginning has been made [ 1481 by the admission of the Faraday Society to the Chemical Council with a view to devising a scheme whereby chemists participating in the existing joint subscription arrangements may be able to obtain the services provided by that Society on advantageous terms. A Fellow Associate or Registered Student of the Royal Institute of Chemistry who desires to obtain the advantages of the Joint Membership-Subscription Arrange- ments should obtain from The Conjoint Chemical Ofice 9 and 10 Savile Row,London W.l forms of application for Fellowship of the Chemical Society and membership of the Society of Chemical Industry (if he does not already belong to both of those bodies) and the subscription form; he should then complete these forms and return them with the appropriate remittance (see below) to the Conjoint Chemical Office.It should be noted however that he will not be accorded the privileges of Fellowship of the Chemical Society or membership of the Society of Chemical Industry until he has been duly elected by these two bodies. For full participation in the arrangements the joint subscription (joint senior- membership-subscription) is L5 5s. Od. for a Fellow of the Institute and &5 for an Associate or a Registered Student. For this the subscriber obtains in addition to the privileges and services pertaining to his grade in the Institute all the privileges and services due to a Fellow of the Chemical Society and a member of the Society of Chemical Industry except that the publications of these two Societies that he receives without extra charge are limited to the value of 70 units selected from the Schedule (see below) ; he may however purchase any number of additional publications at the scheduled prices to members-which are considerably lower than those charged to non-members..While this joint senior-membership-subscription can be taken up by Fellows Associates or Registered Students at any age it is open to Associates or Registered Students who have not reached the age of 25 on 1st January in a given year to pay in respect of that year if they prefer a joint junior-membership-subscription which for an Associate is k3 5s.and for a Registered Student L2 5s. For this the subscriber receives the same general privileges and services as one who pays the joint senior- membership-subscription except that his selection of the publications of the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry is limited to the value of 35 units without extra charge and the additional publications which he may purchase at the scheduled prices to members must not exceed 60 units. Finally a Registered Student of the Institute who has not reached the age of 22 on 1st January in a given year may acquire in respect of that year what are described as “joint student facilities” in the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry on payment of kl.This covers all his privileges as a Registered Student of the Institute and gives him the right to attend meetings of the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry (but without power to vote) to use the Chemical Society’s Library to receive the Annual Reports (Pure Chemistry) and the Annual Reports (Applied Chemistry) and such Proceedings and notices of the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry as the respective Councils may decide; he may also purchase reprints of Chemical Society lectures (but no other additional publications) at scheduled prices. It is too early yet to assess the popularity of these joint subscription arrangements especially as they have been introduced during abnormal war-time conditions and owing to paper restrictions comparatively little publicity has been given to the revised arrangements introduced in 1944.It is known however that whereas before the arrangements were made only about 500 persons belonged to all three of the Chartered Bodies there are now over 2500 chemists paying the joint senior- or junior-membership- subscriptions in addition to any who may still subscribe separately to the three bodies. Although 2500 is not large in relation to the number of qualified chemists in the country the support so far given to the scheme may be regarded as encouraging in the circum- stances. Also there is an increasing number of Registered Students of the Institute who have obtained joint student facilities in the two publishing societies.It is in the interest of the chemical community as a whole that every chemist should participate to the fullest extent in these joint membership subscription arrangements from the earliest stages of his career. The charges are small in relation to the privileges and facilities provided and only if chemists contribute on this scale to the general funds of the principal chemical bodies will the subscription incomes of these bodies be large enough to ensure that the essential services required by the chemical community will remain wholly under the control of chemists and be maintained and progressively developed in their best interests. The development of a complex scheme of this kind during the war period has entailed considerable difficulties of administration both in the Conjoint Chemical Office and the officeof the Institute.In the Conjoint Office in particular it has been necessary to build up an entirely new administrative system with a limited staff aided by inexperienced [ 149 I temporary assistants. It is recognised that the new machinery has not always operated as smoothly as is desired but it is hoped that those who have suffered as a result of these imperfections will be patient for a little longer so that the new arrangements may be given a fair chance to become established and to operate with the efficiency which members of the Chartered Bodies have learned to expect from the individual organisations. Publications of the three Chartered Chemical Bodies Schedule of Prices to Members (The current value of a unit is one shilling) Units Journal of th’e Chemical Society .... .. .. A I (General Physical and Inorganic Chemistry) A I1 (Organic Chemistry) . . .. .. .. .. Abstracts “A” (Pure Chemistry) :* .. A I11 (Physiology and Biochemistry including Anatomy) Abstracts “A” Index .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 24.0 15-5 15.5 23.0 10.5 Annual Reports of the Chemical Society ‘(Pure‘ Chemistry) Chemical Society Lecture Reprints .. .. .. Transactions of the Society of Chemical Industry .. Chemistry and Industry .. .. .. .. .. B I (General and Inorganic Chemistry) .. .. B I1 (Organic Chemistry) .. .. .. .. B I11 (Agriculture Food Sanitation etc.) .. Abstracts “B” (Applied Chemistry) :* Abstracts “B” Index .. .. .. .. .. ,... .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. 5.5 5.0 8.5 18.0 14.5 12.0 10.5 6.5 Abstracts “C” (Analysis and Apparatus)t .. .. .. Royal Institute of Chemistry Lectures .. .. .. .. Annual Reports of the Society of Chemical Industry (Applied Chemistry) .. .. .. .. 5.0 11.5 5.0 Institute Lectures and Monographs.-The lecture on “Cement and Concrete ” delivered before the Institute by Dr. F. M. Lea O.B.E. on 19th December 1944 and the first Dalton Memorial Lecture on “Chemistry and Clothing” given before the Man- Chester and District Section of the Institute by Dr. D. A. Clibbens on 21st December 1944 have now been published and are being issued with this Part of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS. The following lectures and monographs are ready for publication and it is hoped to issue them with Part V of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS :-“ Industrial Non-Ferrous Alloys,” by Dr.Harold Moore C.B.E. ; “Microchemistry and its Applications,” by Mr. Ronald Belcher; “Soil Metabolism,” by Dr. J. H. Quastel F.R.S. Mr. G. S. W. Marlow has kindly agreed to revise his “Notes on Contracts of Service” published by the Institute in 1925. The issue of an up-to-date commentary on this subject will be valuable in connection with the interpretation of clauses such as were included in the recently published “Suggested Clauses for Incorporation in Contracts of Service for Chemists” (JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS, 1945 Part 11 p. 82). The Twenty-Eighth Streatfeild Memorial Lecture on “Water and Public Health ” will be delivered by Mr.W. Gordon Carey in London on 16th Kovember 1945. *All Sub-sections of Abstracts printed on one side of the #a#m cmly are available to members at an extra cost of 3 units for each Sub-section per annum. f Abstracts “C” (Analysts and Apparatus) published quarterly is free to members who take other Sections of the Abstracts. Free of charge to Fellows Associates and Registered Students of the Institute. Notes Mr. James Harnaman Associate has been appointed a Member of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire-M.B.E.,-and has been made a Director of B. Laporte Ltd. Dr. T. S. Wheeler Fellow is resigning his post as State Chemist Eire on appointment to the Chair of Chemistry at University College Dublin. Dr. D. H. Hey Member of Council has been appointed to a Chair of Chemistry in the University of London tenable at King’s College.Professor R. W. Whytlaw-Gray F.R.S. Fellow is retiring in September 1946 from the Chair of Chemistry and the administrative headship of the Chemistry Departments of the University of Leeds which he has held since 1933. Professor H. Krall Fellow a member of the Indian Advisory Committee of the Institute has retired from the Chair of Chemistry at Agra and is returning to England after 32 years in India. The dignity of “Emeritus Professor” has been conferred by the University of the Punjab on Sir Shanti Bhatnagar O.B.E. F.R.S. Fellow and on Dr. H. B. Dunnicliff C.I.E. Fellow. Mr. C. S. Garland Fellow has been elected a Fellow of the Imperial College.Dr. E. W. Smith C.B.E. FelZow has been re-elected President of the Institute of Fuel for the year commencing next October. Dr. R. Child Fellow has been President of the Chemical Society of Ceylon 1944-45. Dr. W. T. Griffiths Fellow who has been for many years head of the Research and Development Department of the Mond Nickel Co. Ltd. has been appointed Chairman of that Company and its subsidiaries. Mr. J. Davidson Pratt O.B.E. Fellow previously General Manager and Secretary of the Association of British Chemical Manufacturers whose return from Government service was recently announced has been appointed Director and Secretary of the Association. Mr. A. J. Holden Fellow who during the last five years has been an Assistant Manager has been appointed a joint Manager of the Association.Professor I;.L. Warren Associate has been seconded by the Natal University College to act as Government adviser on industrial chemical research for 12 months. Mr. James Crookes Associate has been awarded the Fellowship of the Educational Institute of Scotland (F.E.I.S.). Dr. Archibald Clow Associate has been awarded the Blackwell Prize (of which the University of Aberdeen is trustee) for a thesis on “Scotland’s Contributim to Industrial Development through the Application of Chemical Science since the Seventeenth Century; and (with Mrs. Clow) the Senior Hume Brown Prize in Scottish History by the University zf Edinburgh in recognition of the merit of their book “The Chemical Revolution. Lieut. J. T. Young R.A.O.C.Associate has returned to England after having been a prisoner of war since 1941. While at Oflag VII B he was concerned with the organisa- tion of a study group and took charge of a refresher course in pharmaceutical chemistry at Christmas time 1944. He passed in the written paper for the B.Sc. Special Honours degree in Chemistry while a prisoner. I.C.I. Research Fellowships for India.-Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. London has offered to the National Institute of Sciences of India fifty fellowships for the encouragement of Indian research in chemistry physics and biology. The fellow- ships are to be held at Indian Universities and will extend over the next seven years. The value is estimated at 336,000 rupees (equivalent to L25,OOO). Iron and Steel Industry Research.-In connexion with the post-war recon-struction of the Iron and Steel Industry a new research organisation-the British Iron and Steel Research Association-has been set up.The industry is to set aside for this purpose fj250,OOO per annum which together with a grant from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and other sources of revenue will mean a total of L400,OOO per annum to be handled by the Research Association. The industry will continue to spend extensive sums on research and development in its own laboratories and works. The headquarters of the new research association will be in London. [ 151 1 Gas Industry Research.-The Directors of the Gas Light and Coke Company have decided to broaden the basis of their research programme and to arrange for improved co-ordination of effort within the Company.To this end they have appointed a Con-troller of Research responsible for the activities of Watson House as well as of the Fulham Research Laboratory. Science in Parliament.-In reply to a question by Sir J. Mellor on 16th May regarding the nuisance caused by flies which breed in the sewage filter beds of the Birmingham Tame and Rea District Drainage Board Mr. Willink Minister of Health stated The most recent report from the Drainage Board received a little over a week ago is to the effect that the flies are not more numerous than in recent years though their emergence appears to have been accelerated by an early spell of abnormally warm weather. A group of experts in this field of research was formed under the auspices of the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research in 1943 and they have since con- ducted or directed extensive experiments and observations both at the Drainage Board’s Works at Minworth and at a number of other sewage disposal works.A mass of detailed information has been collected on the distribution and life history of flies in percolating filters and on their reaction to variations in a number of factors such as the composition and temperature of the settled sewage and the alternation of the periods of operation and rest of the filters. On the basis of the information collected more detailed investi- gation is now in progress. This includes attempts to control the emergence of flies by the use of a number of chemical substances including newly developed compounds; alterations in the construction and method of operation of filters e.g.the replacement of large stones on the surface of the filters by a layer of small stones; and the continuous application of sewage instead of the more common method of intermittent application. The effect of treating the sewage at a greatly increased rate in percolating filters is also under investigation. In addition to this research work the best known measures are applied by the Drainage Board from time to time on a practical scale to alleviate the conditions complained of. These include treatment of the sewage by gas liquor by salt and by a number of chemicals and at the present time a large scale application of bleaching powder and creosote and an attempt to trap the flies by mechanical means.The problem is a very difficult one largely because the larvae of the flies constitute an important element in the efficient operation of the filters. Control must therefore be restricted to the emergence of the adult flies without destroying the biological life within the filters. Post-graduate and Specidised Courses.-Particulars of the following courses have been received :-Organic Chemistry A course of 38 post-graduate lectures dealing with eight main topics given by Mr. E. A. Braude Dr. A. H. Cook Dr. M. P. Balfe Dr. W. Davey, Mr. F. A. Robinson Dr. E. R. H. Jones and Dr. L. N. Owen at Acton Technical College on Fridays at 7.30 p.m. from 14th September 1945 to 14th June 1946.For con- venience in registration the course has been divided into three Sections (14th September to 30th November; 7th December to 15th March; 22nd March to 14th June) which can be taken separately. Particulars and registration forms may be obtained from The Principal Acton Technical College High Street Acton W.3. Viscosity and Plasticity A course of three post-graduate lectures under the auspices of the London Section of the Oil and Colour Chemists’ Association by Professor E. N. de C. Andrade F.R.S. at the Royal Institution Albemarle Street London W.1 on llth 18th and 25th October 1945 at 6.30 p.m. Particulars and tickets of admission may be obtained from Mr. D. E. Roe Hon. Secretary London Section Oil and Colour Chemists’ Association c/o Atlas Preservative Co.Ltd. Fraser Road Erith Kent. Special Libraries and Information Bureaux It is proposed to organise under the auspices of the London County Council a professional course for staffs engaged in this field of work at the Fulham Commercial Institute on Mondays from 5.30 to 7.30 p.m. during the coming Winter Session beginning on 10th September. Further information and enrolment forms may be obtained from The Principal Fulham Commercial Insti- tute Childerley Street Fulham Palace Road S.W.6. [ 1621 Obituary WILLIAM BARR died on 15th August in his 26th year. Educated at Camphill Secondary School Paisley he proceeded to the University of Glasgow in 1938 where he obtained the B.Sc. degree with honours in chemistry in 1942 sharing the Mackay Smith Prize for the most distinguished student in the final honours examination in chemistry.In 1942-1943 he held the Fleming Scholarship. He was then appointed to the staff of the I.C.I. (Dyestuffs Division) Ltd. but was assigned as research assistant to Professor J. W. Cook and continued to work in the University of Glasgow. He was occupied in this work until August 1944 when he was obliged to give it up through ill health. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1942. ERNEST ARTHUR died on 3rd June in his 62nd year. WILLIAM CHARLWOOD Educated at Croydon Borough Secondary School he entered King’s College London in 1912 where he obtained the B.Sc. degree with honours in 1916. From 1915-1918 he was engaged as an analytical chemist in the High Explosives Department of the Ministry of Munitions and subsequently on work with Professor P.H. Kirkaldy at King’s College. In 1920 he received an appointment with the British Drug Houses Ltd. where he was concerned in the manufacture of organic chemicals and in research work until the time of his death. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1917. CHRISTOPHERCLAYTON SIRGEORGE died on 28th July at the age of 76. Educated at Harrow he proceeded to University College Liverpool and thence in 1890 to Heidelberg where he obtained the Ph.D. degree four years later. From 1894 to 1896 he was engaged on research work in physiological chemistry at University College Liverpool and then entered upon the association with the United Alkali Co.at Widnes which continued for the rest of his active life. Beginning as a research chemist he was elected to the Board in 1907 and after the merging of the interests of the Company in Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd. he became a Director of the latter organisation. In 1929-1930 he visited Canada Japan China and India on behalf of the Company. His wide industrial interests were evidenced by his chairmanship of the Liverpool Gas Co. and his membership of the Board of Trade Advisory Council. Though not deeply interested in party politics his sense of public duty induced him to comply with his friends’ insistence that he should stand for Parliament. He sat for the Widnes Division of Lancashire from 1922 to 1929 a seat that he captured from the late Mr.Arthur Henderson and subsequently represented the Wirral Division of Cheshire from 1931 to 1935. As a Member of Parliament he brought his influence to bear in many matters affecting the public interest and was actively concerned in insuring that new legislation was framed so as to further the legitimate aspirations of chemists in regard to their status and conditions of service to the community. The value of his public services was recognised by his appointment as C.B.E. in 1919 and by the Knighthood conferred upon him in 1933. He was a devoted churchman a noted shot and a keen naturalist and bird lover. He served as a Justice of the Peace. Elected to the Associateship in 1890 he became a Fellow in 1902 and a Member of Council in 1927.During the ensuing 12 years he played an important part in the affairs of the Institute being a Vice-president in the periods 1929-1930 and 1933-1936 and holding the office of President from 1930 to 1933. He also served as a Censor for a period of eight years beginning in 1930. WILLIAMROBERT was killed on active service in air operations over CUTHBERTSON Germany in his 31st year. Educated at Hale School Perth Western Australia he entered the University of Western Australia in 1932 graduating as B.Sc. in 1935. After spending a year as junior analyst and assistant coal inspector to the Western Australian Government Railways (1936-37) he came to England and joined the staff of the Wool Industries Research Association in 1938 receiving an appointment as junior scientific officer in 1940.During this period he was concerned largely with investigations on the chemical reactivity of the sulphur contained in wool keratin with special reference to the action of alkalies on wool and was awarded the M.Sc. and Ph.D. degrees of the University of Leeds. In 1941 he volunteered for the R.A.F. which he joined in 1942. He held the rank of Flying Officer at the time of his death. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1944. [ 1531 WILLIAM GREGORY died on 23rd June in his 46th year. GEORGE DOUGHTY He was educated at Derby School and from 1928 to the date of his death held an appointment with the London Midland and Scottish Railway Company initially in the Carriage and Wagon Department and later as assistant chemist in the Research Department.He obtained the Higher National Certificate in Chemistry in 1944 and was a Registered Student in course of training for the Associateship of the Institute at Derby Technical College at the time of his death. ALBERT LUCASENTWISTLE died on 28th April in his 68th year. He received his training at Owens College (later the University) Manchester and in the laboratory of the late T. J. Hutchinson Public Analyst for Bury. After two years as chemist and assayer to Sulphides Reduction Ltd. at Llanelly and a short period in private practice he was appointed chemist to the North of Ireland Paper Mill. His main work began however in 1908 when he was appointed assistant assayer to the Royal Canadian Mint at Ottawa where he subsequently became chief chemist and assayer.He passed the Examination for the Associateship of the Institute in 1899 and was elected a Fellow in 1902. The Rev. Father ERNEST CORMAC HOBEN died on 16th July at Christchurch New Zealand in his 40th year. He was educated at the Boys’ High School and St. Bede’s College Christchurch. Proceeding to the Greenmeadows Seminary he was ordained to the priesthood in 1929 and then became junior science master at St. Patrick’s College Wellington. From 1931-1936 he was senior science master at St. Patrick’s College while taking courses at Victoria University College Wellington where he graduated as B.Sc. in 1933 and was awarded the degree of M.Sc. for research work on the induction period of certain reactions.He subsequently held teaching appointments at St. Patrick’s College Silverstream and St. Bede’s College Christchurch and was at the latter institution at the time of his death. He was elected Associate of the Institute in 1937. WALTERERICJAMES died on 7th June at the age of 42 He served his apprenticeship with Messrs. Wooton and Webb of Luton and qualified as a pharmacist from Chelsea Polytechnic in 1925. Following a period in the Dis- pensary at St. Bartholomew’s Hospital he was for 8 years with Messrs. Parke Davis & Co. From 1935 to the date of his death he was a senior member of the staff of Messrs. Glaxo Laboratories Ltd. He was President of the Wembley Branch of the Pharma- ceutical Society and his interest in pharmacognosy and the potential applications of the vegetable materia medica was reflected in his Fellowship of the Linnean Society.He contributed frequently to pharmaceutical publications and Fis lectures to various organisations throughout the country were very popular. He became an Associate of the Institute by examination in 1944. GABRIEL ERNEST JONES died on 14th July in his 63rd year. He was educated at Liverpool College and subsequently at University College Liverpool where he obtained the BSc. degree with honours in chemistry in 1902. In that year he was appointed an assistant analyst to Professor J. Campbell Brown County Analyst for Lancaster and to Mr. W. Collingwood Williams Public Analyst for the City of Liverpool. From 1912 until the time of his death he held appointments in the City Analyst’s Laboratories of the Liverpool Corporation and had been for some years Deputy City Analyst.From 1909-1939 he acted as lecturer in public health chemistry at the University of Liverpool He was elected an Associate in 1904 and a Fellow in 1907. He had been much concerned with the organisation of Institute affairs in the Liverpool and North-Western Section of which he had been Chairman. GEORGE MADEL died on 5th August in his 75th year. Born in Swansea he received his early education at St. Helen’s School and at the secondary school proceeding to the Technical College Swansea where he received his scientific training. In 1886 he entered the service of Messrs. Vivian & Sons copper refiners and chemical manufacturers where he became assistant manager in 1904 and works manager in 1912 a position that he held until his retirement in 1935 after nearly 50 years’ service with the Company.From 1914 to 1919 he held the rank of Captain in in the 4th Volunteer Battalion of the Welch Regiment. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1926 and took an active part in the affairs of the South Wales Section of which he had been Chairman. c 1541 ALEXANDERKENNETH MILLER died in Manchester on 19th June in his 90th year. Entering the Royal School of Mines in 1876 he studied chemistry under Edward Frankland and from 1878 to 1880 acted as research assistant to Sir Norman Lockyer. He spent the next 29 years at Wiirzburg where he was engaged in research work under Wislicenus and was awarded the Ph.D.degree. On his return to England he became assistant to H. E. Armstrong and in 1884 was appointed senior demonstrator in the chemistry department of the Central Institution of the City and Guilds of London Institute (later the City and Guilds College) which opened in South Kensington in that year. During this period he carried out a number of investigations in collaboration with Arms&ong. After a short time as manager and chemist at a branch of F. Bayer & Co. in Glasgow he worked with Sir Edward Thorpe in an investigation of the colouring matter of alder bark. He was then appointed as chemist to Messrs. Chester’s Brewery Ltd. at Ardwick Manchester where after a visit to Copenhagen to study yeast culture he introduced in collaboration with C.F. Hyde the use of Hansen’s yeast. There-after he began to practise as a brewer’s consultant in Manchester. Later he joined forces with Dr. Hiepe and carried on a practice under the style of Hiepe and Miller. This partnership was eventually dissolved but Miller continued the practice alone until his retirement in 1934 when it was taken over by the late H. Lloyd Hind. He published a number of papers on organic chemistry and later on problems arising in the brewing industry. One of his hobbies was the collection of clocks musical boxes and various types of clockwork mechanism. He had been a Fellow of the Institute since 1887. FRANK OATES died in London on 10th June in his 56th year shortly after his return from Tanganyika pending retirement.He was educated at Epsom College and from 1908 to 1912 at Battersea Poly-technic where he obtained the B.Sc. degree. After six months at the Beckton Works of the Gas Light and Coke Co. as an analytical chemist he entered the Royal School of Mines but on the outbreak of war enlisted in the Grenadier Guards. In 1915-1916 he saw service in France and Flanders with the Special Brigade R.E. Returning to France as a Trench Mortar Subaltern he was wounded in the battle of the Somme and was transferred temporarily to the Chemical Warfare Department of the Ministry of Munitions for research work on war gases. Mentioned in despatches in 1919 he was appointed an M.B.E. (Military Division). Returning to the Royal School of Mines he obtained the A.R.S.M.in mining geology in 1921 and was then appointed personal assistant to the late Sir Albert Kitson on the Geological Survey of the Gold Coast of which he acted as Director in 1929. Transferred to the Tanganyika Geological Survey Department as chemist and petrologist he was appointed Senior Assistant Geologist in 1931 and Geologist in 1935. In 1940 he went to Dar-es-Salaam as acting Chief Inspector of Mines but returned to Dodoma Tanganyika at the end of that year as Officer-in-charge of Lands and Mines. He was promoted chief geologist in 1943 and was appointed an O.B.E. (Civil Division) in 1945. He was the author of several papers on matters connected with his scientific work among them being “The Limestone Deposits of Tanganyika Territory,” 1933.He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1920 and was a Member of the Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. ARTHUREDWIN RICKINSON died at Middlesbrough on the 22nd June at the age of 43. He was educated at Sir William Turner’s School Redcar and in 1919 became a pupil with Messrs. Pattinson and Stead,. Public Analysts and Consulting Chemists Middlesbrough. He remained with them in the capacity of assistant chemist subse- quently becoming chief assistant and eventually head chemist the position that he retained to the time of his death. He was a student at the Constantine Technical College Middlesbrough where he obtained the BSc. (London) degree with honours in chemistry in 1937. For a short period after graduation he acted as assistant lecturer in chemistry at the evening classes at that college.He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1937. IDRIS died on 21st July in his 50th year. CHEER ROBERTS He received his general education at the John Bright County School Llandudno and in 1913 entered the University College of North Wales Bangor. In 1915 he joined the Special Brigade of the Royal Engineers and two years later received a commission in the Welch Regiment. Returning to University College Bangor in 1918 he obtained the BSc. degree with honours in chemistry two years later and was assistant lecturer at the college from 1920 to 1923. He was awarded the M.Sc. degree in 1924 for his [ 1551 research work on Iodination. During the next four years he was assistant master at a secondary school in Colwyn Bay.In 1929 he received an appointment with I.C.I. (Fertilizer and Synthetic Products) Ltd. at Billingham where he was concerned as Plant Manager in the manufacture of Ammonium Sulphate and carried out research work on related topics including fireproofing. He also acted as Editor of the Technical Bulletin of the Branch. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1920. ANDREW Ross a Registered Student was killed while on military duty in his 19th year. Educated at the High School Kirkcaldy from 1939 to 1945 he then entered the service of Barry Ostlere and Shepherd Ltd. while studying for the National Certificate in Chemistry at the Heriot-Watt College. In March 1945 he was posted to the 30th Training Battalion at Cameron Barracks Inverness and at the time of his death was undergoing a course which he hoped would enable him to proceed to an Officer Cadet Training Unit.BERTRAM ERIC SCOTT a Registered Student was reported in June as presumed killed in action after having been missing since June 1944 when he was in his 24th year. Educated at Ilford County High School he began in 1938 to study at the West Ham Municipal College with a view to qualifying for the Associateship and in the following year became a student at Birkbeck College. In 1941 he entered the R.A.F.V.R. and began training as a pilot. At the time of his presumed death he held the rank of Flight Lieu tenant. JAMES WATSONSIMdied on 19th September 1944 in his 32nd year. Educated at Allen Glen’s School Glasgow he proceeded to the Royal Technical College where he took the BSc.degree in chemistry in 1939. Two years later he became assistant in the Technical Department of the Ioco Rubber Co. In 1933 he was appointed an assistant chemist in the Department of the Government Chemist in London and in 1942 proceeded to Bristol to take charge of the Branch Laboratory in that City. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1942. JOHN STAFFORD died in January 1944 in his 44th year. Educated at Bolton School he proceeded in 1920 to the University of Manchester where he graduated B.Sc. with honours in chemistry in 1923. He spent the following year in research work under D. H. Bangham the results of which were published in a paper entitled “Activated Graphite as a Sorbent of Oxygen,” on which he was awarded the degree of M.Sc.In 1924 he took over the practice of R. P. Douglas and had since been an analytical and consulting chemist specialising in metallurgical work largely on behalf of foundries and engineering firms. He was subsequently appointed Gas Examiner to several local authorities. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1924. ARCHIBALD WALKERdied on 10th June at Newark Castle in his 87th year. He was educated at Loretto School and at Trinity College Oxford where he studied chemistry under Odling Vernon Harcourt and H. B. Dixon and obtained the B.A. degree with honours in chemistry in 1880. He proceeded later to the M.A. In 1881 he began a life-long association with the Distillery industry and directed chemical work at three distilleries-Vauxhall Distillery Liverpool Lock Katrine Distillery Glasgow and Limerick Distillery Limerick-in the management of which he became a partner.He was personally engaged in original investigations connected with saccharification and fermentation and made important contributions to the development of the yeast industry. His distilleries were amalgamated in 1902 with Distillers Co. Ltd. and he was a Director of that Company for the ensuing 32 years. He was a man with particularly wide interests and activities. In the early eighties he played Rugby football for Scotland. In 1886 he became a Director of the Royal Maternity and Women’s Hospital Glasgow of which he was Chairman from 1924 to 1936.From 1911 to 1941 he was a Director of the Clydesdale Bank Ltd. of which he was Deputy Chairman for 17 years. He became Hon. Lieut.-Colonel of the First Volunteer Battalion of the Royal Scottish Fusiliers in 1917 and was Vice-chairman of the Ayrshire Territorial Army Association from 1922 to 1938 and a Deputy Lieutenant of the County of Ayr. He had also been a Member of the Royal Company of Archers a Director of the Glasgow Merchant House a Governor of Victoria Infirmary Glasgow and a Director of the Glasgow and South-Western Railway Company. He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1888. Books and their Contents Collected Papers on Metallurgical Analysis by the Spectrograph. Edited by D. M. Smith. Pp. xii + 162. 58 Figs. (London British Non-Ferrous Metals Research Association).21s. net. Processing and calibration of the photographic plate; analysis of aluminium and aluminium alloys ; analysis of lead and lead alloys ; analysis of zinc alloys ; analysis of copper alloys; analysis of platinum. Subject index. Semi-Micro Quantitative Organic Analysis. R. Belcher and A. L. Godbert. Pp. viii + 168. (London New York and Toronto Longmans Green & Co. Ltd.). 10s. 6d. net. Introduction the balance and methods of weighing; general apparatus ;filtration. Determination of the elements moisture ash and metals ; carbon and hydrogen ; nitrogen ; sulphur ; halogens; phosphorus ; arsenic. Determination of Groups carboxyl group; methoxyl group ; acetyl group. Physico-chemical determinations densities of liquids ; melting-points and boiling-points; molecular weights.Ap-pendix I purification of small amounts of material; Appendix I1 preparation arid standardisation of volumetric solutions. Index. Qualitative Chemical Analysis including Semimicro Qualitative Analysis A Text-Book of. Third Edition. Arthur I. Vogel. Pp. xii + 578. (London New York and Toronto Longmans Green & Co. Ltd.). 12s. 6d. The theoretical basis of qualitative analysis; analytical operations ; reactions of -the metal ions or cations; reactions of the acid radicals or anions; systematic qualitative analysis of inorganic substances ;modification of the systematic analysis when organic acids silicates borates fluorides and phosphates are present ; reactions of some of the rarer elements ; systematic qualitative analysis of inorganic substances for elementary students ; semimicro qualitative analysis.Index. Scientific Soci&ies in the United States. Ralph S. Bates. Pp. viii -t 246. (New York John Wiley & Sons Inc. and London Chapman & Hall Ltd.). $3.50. Scientific societies in Eighteenth Century America; national growth 1800-1865 ; triumph of specialization 1866-1918 ; American scientific societies and world science 1919-1944 ; increase and diffusion of knowledge. Bibliography. Index. The Wear and Care of Clothing. J. Guilfoyle Williams. Pp. 176. (London: George Newnes Ltd.). 7s. 6d. Endeavour. Vol. IV No. 15 (July 1945) contains an Editorial on “Science and Reconstruction” and articles on “Surface Chemistry in Relation to Biology,” by Professor E.K. Rideal M.B.E. F.R.S.; “Sir Robert John Kane,” by Professor T. S. Wheeler; “Teniers’ Alchemists,” by Professor John Read F.R.S. ; “A Modern Inter- pretation of the Doctrine of Valency by Dr. W. G. Palmer; and “Dissociation in Salt Solutions,” by Professor C. W. Davies. Colloid Science Course Notes. See special report on p. 146. Coming Events 1945 Sept. 7 SOCIETYOF CHEMICAL Food Group Summer Meeting by the kind INDUSTRY invitation of Messrs. Roche Products Ltd. to their factories at Welwyn Garden City Herts. at 11 a.m. 9 THE ROYAL PHOTOGRAPHIC SOCIETY:Northern Conference. Addresses on “The Production of a Film,” “The Objective Use of Colour,” and “The Film in Re- search,” at the Odeon Cinema Newcastle upon Tyne at 10 a.m.Members of the Newcastle upon Tyne and North-East Coast Section of the Institute are invited to attend. [ 157 1 1946 Sept. OF “The Chemistry of the Rubber to Brass 10 INSTITUTIONRUBBERINDUSTRY Bond.” Mr. W. D. Rae in the Court Room Caxton Hall Caxton Street London S.W.l at 6.30 p.m. 12 INSTITUTE OF METALS,Autumn Meeting. Business meeting (at 10 a.m.) followed by the presentation and discussion of original papers at the Institution of Mechanical Engineers Storey’s Gate London S.W. 1. 13 THE INSTITUTE (Manchester and District Section) “The Economic Welfare of Chemists with special reference to Contracts of Service.” Discussion to be opened by Mr. J. T. Marsh (Chairman of the Section) Mr.H. Stevenson (Vice- Chairman) Mr. H. M. Bunbury and Dr. W. McG. Morgan in the Engineers Club Albert Square Manchester at 7 p.m. preceded by an informal dinner at 6 p.m. 14 THEINSTITUTE (Newcastle upon Tyne and North-East Coast Section) jointly with the Microchemical Section of the Society of Public Analysts and Other Analytical Chemists and the Society of Chemical Industry (Newcastle Section) Symposium of papers on Microchemistry in the Lecture Theatre King’s College Newcastle upon Tyne at 6.30 p.m. THE INSTITUTE (Liverpool and North-Western Section)-joint meeting with the British Association of Chemists “Gaseous Explosions.” Professor R. G. W. Norrish F.R.S. in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre University of Liverpool at 7.30 p.m. 19 THEINSTITUTE (Dublin Section) General Meeting to discuss co-operation with the Irish Chemical Association in the holding of meetings.In the Chemistry Department Trinity College Dublin at 7.30 p.m. PHYSICAL SOCIETY,Colour Group “Methods for Investigating Colour Discriipina- tion in Insects.” Lecture with colour films and demonstrations by DF. Dora R. Ilse in the Small Physics Lecture Theatre Imperial College Imperial Institute Road London S.W.7 at 3.30 p.m. 21 INTERNATIONAL SOCIETYOF LEATHERTRADES’CHEMISTS The Second Procter Memorial Lecture. “The Contribution of the Analytical Chemist to the Problem of Protein Structure.” Professor A. C. Chibnall F.R.S. in the Lecture Theatre of the New Chemistry Buildings Leeds University at 2 p.m. BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF CHEMISTS(St.Helens Section) “Research in the Post- War World.” Dr. Harry Moore at the Y.M.C.A. Buildings St. Helens at 7.30 p.m. SOCIETY 27-28 FARADAY General Discussion on “Oxidation,” at University College Gower Street W.C.l beginning at 11 a.m. on 27th September. 28 THE INSTITUTE (Belfast and District Section) “Chemical Fertilisers.” Dr. E. Mayne Reid in the Physics Lecture Room of the Royal Academical Institution at 7.30 p.m. preceded by an informal tea in “Thompson’s,” Donegall Place at 6 p.m. Oct. 4 THE INSTITUTE (Manchester and District Section) “The Organisation of the American Chemical Societies. ” CHEMICAL SOCIETY:“Recent Work on Corrosion and Oxidation Reactions.” Dr. U. R. Evans at Burlington House Piccadilly London W.l at 5 p.m.10 THEINSTITUTE (Newcastle upon Tyne and North-East Coast Section) and SOCIETY OF CHEMICALINDUSTRY (Newcastle Section) “The Choice of Photographic Material for Scientific Purposes.” Dr. H. Baines in the Chemistry Lecture Theatre King’s College Newcastle upon Tyne at 7 p.m. 11 THEINSTITUTE (London and South-Eastern Counties Section) “Recent Advances in Plastics.” Dr. J. M. Walter at the Public Library William;Street Slough at 7 p.m. 12 BRITISH ASSOCIATION OF CHEMISTS (St. Helens Section) “Chromatography.” Mr. H. Pritchard at the Y.M.C.A. Buildings St. Helens at 7.30 p.m. OF 17 INSTITUTEFUEL:The Melchett Lecture. Professor C. H. Lander C.B.E. Melchett Medallist for 1945 will deal with the importance of team work in the acquisition of knowledge as contrasted with individual research.In the Hall of the Royal Geographical Society South Kensington at 6 p.m. Members of all technical institutions interested in the subject are invited; no tickets of admission required. [ 168 1 1945 CCt. 19 INSTITUTION OF CHEMICAL ENGINEERS, INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS AND THE CHEMICAL GROUPOF THE SOCIETYOF CHEMICAL One-day Joint ENGINEERING INDUSTRY Conference on “Instruments for the Automatic Controlling and Recording of Chemical and Other Processes” (postponed in September last) in the Royal Institution London. The purpose of the Conference is to promote the inter- change of knowledge and experience between physicists and chemical engineers. The Conference will be open to all interested without charge whether members of the organising bodies or not.20 THE INSTITUTE (London and South-Eastern Counties Section) Discussion on “The Publicity of Science with special reference to Chemistry,” at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine Keppel Street London W.C.l at 2.30 p.m. 24 THE INSTITUTE (Dublin Section) “Estimation of Vitamins.” Mr. W. J. Stringer. 25 THE INSTITUTE (Belfast and District Section) ‘‘Recent Developments in the Organisation and Activities of the Royal Institute of Chemistry.” Mr. G. Elliot Dodds (Edinburgh). An informal talk to be followed by discussion in the Physics Lecture Room of the Royal Academical Institution at 7.30 p.m., preceded by an informal tea in “Thompson’s,’’ Donegall Place at 6 p.m.26 THEINSTITUTE (Glasgow and West of Scotland Section) Annual General Meeting. Speaker Sir Robert Pickard F.R.S. Past President. BRITISH ASSOCIATION (St. Helens Section) “From Lab. to Full Scale OF CHEMISTS Production.” Mr. A. Rees- Jones at the Y.M.C.A. Buildings St. Helens at 7.30 p.m. 29 THEINSTITUTE (Manchester and District Section)-joint meeting with the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry “Chemical Publications,” Mr. E. P. Dunn Vice-President,in the Engineers’ Club Albert Square Manchester at 7 p.m. Nov. 1 CHEMICAL Meeting for the reading of original papers. At Burlington SOCIETY House Piccadilly London W. 1 at 5 p.m. 2 THE INSTITUTE (Glasgow and West of Scotland Section) Discussion on “The Training of a Chemist,” led by Dr.H. B. Nisbet Edinburgh. OF 9 BRITISH ASSOCIATION CHEMISTS(St. Helens Section) “Chemical Analysis by X-Rays.” Dr. N. Thornley at the Y.M.C.A. Buildings St. Helens at 7.30 p.m. 15 THE INSTITUTE (Manchester and District Section) “Chemists 1892-1944.” Mr. R. B. Pilcher O.B.E. 16 THE INSTITUTE Streatfeild Memorial Lecture “Water and Public Health.” Mr. W. Gordon Carey. Provisionally arranged to take place at the Rooms of the Geological Society Burlington House Piccadilly London W. 1 at 6 p.m. 17 THEINSTITUTE (London and South-Eastern Counties) Dance at The Oak Restaur- ant Messrs. Slaters 18 Kensington High Street 6.15 p.m. to 10.15 p.m. 21 The INSTITUTE (London and South-Eastern Counties Section) Annual General Meeting.The Register New Fellows Beeston Alan WiImot M.Sc. Ph.D. Robertson John Douglas Ph.D. D.Sc. (Liv.). M.D. (St. Andrews) D.P.H. Campbell George Alexander M.Sc. Thomas Evan Griffith MSc. (Wales). (Leeds). Walmesley Robert Alan B.Sc. (Lond.). Packer John M.Sc. (Melbourne) D.I.C. Young Roland Stansfield MSc. (Alberta) Purcell Ronald Herbert B.Sc. Ph.D. Ph.D. (Cornell). (Lond.) A.R.C.S. D.I.C. Re-elected Fellow Lea Colin Henry B.Sc. (Liv.) Ph.D. (Cantab. and Liv.). [ 1591 Associates elected to the Fellowship Albert Adrien BSc. (Sydney) Ph.D. (Lond.) . Atkinson Reginald Graham B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. D.I.C. Banks Reginald Joseph Henry B.Sc. (Lond.) . Bell David James M.,4. (Cantab.) R.Sc. (Glas.) Ph.D.(St. Andrcws). Bone Austin Roy M.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. D.I.C. Brcar Arthur B.Sc. (Lond.). Brown Cedric John B.Sc. Ph.D. (Birm.). Brown Thomas Frederick. Challis William. Churchouse Archibald Henry M.Sc. (Lond.) A.M.1.Chem.E. Collins John Henry B.Sc. (Liv.). Dalley Richard Arthur. Doble Stanley Mannford. Elliott Gordon Henry B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. D.I.C. Emmott Geoffrey Herbert. Evans John Nigel Illingworth B.Sc. (Lond.). Flemons Garner Frecker. Gilbert Wilfred. Glass Harold Marks M.Sc. Ph.D. (Dunelm). Gokhale Anant Gundo M.A. B.Sc. (Bombay). Goodyear Edward Hague B.Sc. (Dunelm) Ph.D. (Birm.). Harrison Ernest B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.). Hiles Jack M.Sc. (Sheffield). Hill Alfred Grenville. Hollis Charles Edward B.Sc.(Lond.). Israelstam Samuel Sholm MSc. (Wit-watersrand). Iyer Venkatrayar Gopalani B.A. (Madras). Kekwick Leslie Oliver B.Sc. (Lond.). Kelly Francis Charles B.Sc. Ph.D. (Aberd.). Leigh Eric B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.). Leigh Thomas B.Sc. (Lond.). Maltby John Gwilliam B.Sc. (Lond.). McIlroy Robert Joseph M.Sc. (N.Z.), Ph.D. (Birm.). Millidge Alfred Frank B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) D.I.C. Newnes John Edward. Niyogi Bibhuti Bhusan B.Sc. (Calcutta). Ottway Denis Silvester B.Sc. (Lond.). Palmer Herbert John. Pattle Horace Leonard B.Sc. (Lond.). Peacop James Thomas. Pike Richard Edwin BSc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S. Pitts Frank M.A. (Cantab.). Pritchard Gordon James B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) . Pye Charles Rossall B.Sc. (Lond.).Rankine John B.Sc. (Lond.). Rao Aragula Nagaraja B.Sc. (Mysore) M.Sc. (Calcutta) Dr.Ing. (Berlin). Shoppee Charles William D.Phi1. (Bade) Ph.D. D.Sc. (Lond.). Speight George Edward B.Sc. (Lond.) A.Met. (Sheffield). Spooner Cyril Edward M.Sc.Tech. (Sheffield). Steinmann Henry Albert. Stoddart Eric Maurice B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) Ph.D. (Dunelm). Stuart Ian Balfour B.Sc. (Edin.) D.I.C. Turner Kenneth M.Sc. Ph.D. (Sheffield). Unstead- Joss Leslie Gordon Lovett BSc. (Lond.). Ure John B.Sc.Tech. (Edin.). Weston Bernard Allan B.Sc. (Lond.), A.M.1.Chem.E. Wild Frank M.A. Ph.D. (Cantab.). Willcocks Reginald Gerald Wallace B.Sc. (Lond.). Wilson Thomas Norman Gold. New Associates Arnold Peter William B.Sc. (Wales). Bailey Donald B.A.(Cantab.). Bibby William Eric B.Sc. (Lond.). Birchall Harold Thomas. Bishop Peter Chamard B.Sc. (Lond.). Blick Richard Thomas John M.Sc. (N.Z.). Bonar Alastair Renwick B.Sc. (Lond.). Bourne John B.Sc. (Birm.). Boyle Archibald Raymond BSc. Ph.D. (Birm.). Bridge Charles Gordon B.Sc.Tech. (Manc.). Brooks Joseph Henry Brown Joseph Thornton. Butt Leonard Thomas B.Sc. (Lond.). Butterworth Basil B.Sc. (Lond.). Caldwell Charles Collingwood B.Sc. (Lond.). Chapman Joseph Edward B.Sc. (Lond.). Christie Edwin Watson B.Sc. Ph.D. (St. Andrews). Cooper Foster B.Sc. (Dunelm). Critchley Thomas Arthur. Crowley Denis M.Sc. (N.U.I.). Dale William Frederick Henry B.Sc. (Birm.). Das Gupta Debabrata M.Sc. (Benares). Dean Fred B.Sc.(Manc.). Denham Sidney Carton M.Sc. (N.Z.). Dickinson Denis Ridgwell B.Sc. (Lond.). Donaldson Hector Alexander M.A. B.Sc. (Aberd.). Douglas Bryce B.Sc. (Glas.). Duncan John B.Sc. (Glas.) A.R.T.C. Dunn George B.Sc. (Glas.). Dyke Arthur John A.R.C.S. Edwards Edward George BSc. Ph.D. (Lond.). [ 1601 Ellis William Joseph. England Brian Daysh MSc. (N.Z.). Evans Herbert Lloyd. Everett Frederick Percy. Falkner Cecil William MSc. (Lond.). Farquhar Hugh McNair B.Sc. (Glas.). Feather Richard Campbell M.A. (Oxon.) BSc. (Lond.) A.M.1.Chem.E. Fensom David Strathern B.A.Sc. (Toronto). Ferguson John McNeill BSc. (Glas.) . Flavel Tony William Barlow B.Sc. (Lond.). Fleming Miss Margaret Kerr B.Sc. (Glas.) .Forder Bernard Arterton BSc. (Lond.) Ph.C. M.P.S. Fore Harold BSc. (Liv.). Fowler Kenneth Sydney BSc. (Reading). Gallagher James Edward Gerard B.Sc. (N.U.I.).. Gell William Henry BSc. (Liv.). Ghose Amiya Kumar B.Sc. (Calcutta), MSc. (Lucknow) Dr.Ing. (Dresden). Gibson David Shaw B.Sc. (Glas.). Gilmore Joseph BSc. Ph.D. (Edin.). Gilpin William Cecil B.Sc. Ph.D. (Lond.) . Griffiths John Richard M.Sc. (Wales). Gullen James Colin. Gupta Ajoy MSc. (Benares). Hagerty Robert Paterson B.Sc. Ph.D. (Bris.). Hall Frederick John Harland William Gordon. Henley Eric Semon BSc. (Bris.). Higgons Dennis John BSc. A.R.C.S. Homewood Melville Ian B.Sc. (Mel-bourne). Howarth Alan Thomas B.Sc. (Manc.) Ingle Norman Palliser M.A.(Cantab.) BSc. (S.A.). Jenkins Eric Neil B.Sc. (Wales). Jobling Alan B.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. Jones Arthur David BSc. Ph.D. (Lond.). Jones Frederick Noah Victor BSc. (Lond.). Jones Islvn. Keansley John Charles BSc. (Lond.). Krishnan Raghavachari BSc. (Madras) MSc. (Benares). Lant Richard BSc. (Manc.). Lay James Owen. Lewis Gilbert John BSc. (Wales). Lilly Eugene Lawrence B.Sc. (Glas.). Linford William Ernest. Loveridge Brian Arthur A.B. (Harvard). Lowe Arthur George. Mabbitt Leonard Arthur B.Sc. (Lond.). Mair James B.Sc. (Glas.). Manel Bhasker Mangesh. Manning Leslie Alfred B.Sc. (Lond.). Marsden Cyril l3.S~. (Leeds). Mathur Manohar Lal M.Sc. (Agra). Matthews John Bryant B.Sc. Ph.D. (Liv.). McConaghy Stewart B.Sc.B.Agric. (Q.U.B.). McLean William Roderick B.Sc. (Lond.). Mehendale Vishnu Laxman MSc. (Bom- bay). Minshall Eric. Muir Miss Isabella Helen Mary B.A. (Oxon.). Mukherjee Gouri Kanta M.Sc. (Calcutta). Mukherjee Shyama Pada MSc. (Patna). Mullan John BSc. Ph.D. (Edin.). Murphy Patrick BSc. (Lond.). Naqvi Muhammad Amjad BSc. (Luck- now) MSc. (Bombay). Nicholson Jack BSc. (Manc.). Parvin Kenneth B.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. Penny David Sheldon. Platts Colin Victor BSc. (Sheffield). Raeside James Dickie MSc. (N.Z.). Ramage John B.Sc. (Glas.). Ransom James Charles Cyril BSc. (Leeds). Reade Joseph Henry MSc. Dip.Ed. (Liv.). Reid William Russell B.Sc. (Edin.). Ridge Mayhew John MSc. (Melbourne). Robb Ronald B.Sc. (Edin.) A.R.T.C.Robertson Alan BSc. (Lond.). Robson Norman Siddle BSc. (Dunelm). Ross Douglas Mackintosh BSc. (Glas.). Roy Arunendra Narayan BSc. (Agra), MSc. (Benares). Sayer Frederick George BSc. (Lond.). Seavell Albert John BSc. (Liv.). Shah Bindingnavale BSc. Ph.D. (Bom- bay)-Sharma Ram Datt BSc. (Agra) MSc. (Allahabad). Shepherd David Mitchell BSc. (St. Andrews). Simpson Walter Eric B.Sc. (Lond.). Skelly James Douglas B.Sc. (Lond.). Skinner Basil Garnet BSc. (Lond.). Smales Geoffrey Irving. Smith Frederick Francis Percival B.A. (Cantab.) BSc. (Lond.) Ph.D.(Cantab.). Smith Thomas Sidney B.Sc. (Lond.). Soul David Child BSc. (Lond.). Stevenson John Russell BSc. (Lond.). Subramania Iyer Tharakad M.A. (Madras). Tharmalingam Ponniah B.Sc.(Lond.) . Thomas Alec William BSc. (Lond.). Turner Henry Dicken BSc. (Sheffield). Vij ayaraghavan Kailad Vaidianathier MSc. (Madras). Walls Desmond Peter MSc. (N.U.I.). Watson Charles Vincent BSc. (Lond.). Watson Miss Joyce M.Sc. (N.Z.). White Ernest Eric. Whiteley Ronald B.Sc. (Lond.). Wilde Thomas Haslop B.A. (Cantab.). Wilde William Kenneth B.Sc. (Wales). Williams James Frederick B.Sc. (Lond.) A.R.C.S. Williams William Owen Montague M.Sc. (Wales). Re-elected Associate Ashton Herbert William BSc. Ph.D. (Lond.). New Students Adams Ronald Alfred Charles. Aldridge Miss Joy Pamela. Allen Norman Kenneth. Beaver Stanley. Bee Harold Moritz. Bernstein Alexander. Blackburn John Robert. Buttle Joseph Walter.Caddock Brian David. Calderwood John Alexander. Carr Wallace. Casson Frank David. Chidley Edward Henry Anton. Clark Edward Raymond. Cox John Edgar. Cresswell Dennis Frederick. Crocliett Ronald Herbert. Davenport John Houghton. Downie Thomas Cochrane. Dunnett Peter Sidney. Durham Raymond Wilson. Fursey Roy Albert Evan. Gilhooley Robert Aloysius. Hair Norman Buckley. Harris Tennyson. Harrison Aubrey Geoffrey. Harvey Alan Harry. Hastings Edward Kenneth. Jackson Peter Albert. Jones Clifford Leslie. Jukes Alan William. Kenyon Norman. Kirliman Joseph. Lawson George. Lee Harold Norman. Lewis Richard Keith. Loneragan Ronald James. Lord Jeffrey. Lundy Harry. Marsh Charles Arnold.McGinn Colin James Patrick. Meadows George Swithin. RIunson Robert George M.Sc. (Bris.). Nelson Alfred George. Nutt Kenneth Charles. O’ConnelI Gerald. Owen Arthur Desmond. Plant Derek. Rhodes Miss Phyllis Downton. Shapland John Dee. Shireby Derrick. Southey Raymond Frederick. Stacey Patrick. Sykes Alfred John. Turner Alan. Walker Eric Henry. Wilton Douglas Walter. Wray John Clifford. Young Roy William George. DEATHS Fellows Sir George Christopher Clayton C.B.E. George Madel. Ph.D. (Heidelberg) Alexander Kenneth Miller Ph.D. (Wiirz-John Evans MA. (Sheff.). burg). ErnestGabriel Jones M.Sc .(Vict. and Liv.) . John Sanderson. Charles Frederick Juritz M.A. D.Sc. John Henry Stansbie B.Sc. (Lond.). (Cape of Good Hope) D.Sc.(Adelaide). Associates William Barr BSc. (Glas.). Frank Milner Leighton B.A. (Cantab.), Ernest William Arthur Charlwood BSc. BSc. (Lond.) F.C.I.P.A. (Lond.). Arthur Edwin Rickinson B.Sc. (Lond.). F/O. William Robert Cuthbertson B.Sc. Idris Cheer Roberts MSc. (Wales). (W. Australia) M.Sc. Ph.D. (Leeds). James Watson Sim B.Sc. (Lond.). The Rev. Father Ernest Cormac Hoben John Stafford M.Sc. (Manc.). M.Sc. (N.Z.). Registered Students William George Gregory Doughty. Flt. Lieut. Bertram Eric Scott. Andrew Ross. [ 162 J General Notices Examinations 1946.-An Examination for the Associateship of the Institute will be held in the week commencing 14th January 1946. Candidates who wish to present themselves on this occasion should forward their applications as soon as possible and they must be received at the Institute not later than Monday 12th November 1945 which will also be the last date of entry for all candidates for this examination.Examinations for the Associateship and for the FelIowship will be held in April 1946. Further details will be notified at .a later date. Active Service.-Fellows Associates and Registered Students who are on active service with the Navy Army and Air Force as well as recipients of Honours and Awards are requested to notify the Institute giving such particulars as may be perdssible as to their rank unit etc. Notices to Associates.-Associates who desire to qualify for the Fellowship can obtain copies of the Regulations and forms of application from the Registrar.Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates who are available for appointments or are desirous of extending their opportunities is kept at the offices of the Institute. For full information inquiries should be addressed to the Registrar. Libraries.-The Library of the Institute is available to Fellows Associates and Registered Students from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. on week-days (except Saturdays 10 a.m. to 1p.m.). The Library of the Chemical Society has recently increased the daily hours of opening which were curtailed during the European war and is available for those wishing to consult or borrow books from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. (except Saturdays 10 a.m. to 5 p.m.). Books may be borrowed from the Science Library Science Museum South Kensington S.W.7 on production of requisitions signed by the Registrar or the Secretary of the Institute.Information regarding facilities afforded to members by Lewis’s Lending Library can also be obtained from the Registrar. Boots’ Booklovers Library.-Fellows and Associates who subscribe to Boots’ Booklovers Library can obtain forms of application from the Registrar. Covers for Journal.-Members who desire covers (1s. 7d. each) for binding the JOURNAL in annual volumes are requested to notify the Secretary of their requirements indicating the years (1944 or earlier) for which the covers are required. In present circumstances there may be some delay in supplying covers. Lantern Slides for Lecturers.-Enquiries should be addressed to the Secretary.As the slides are frequently in demand members are requested to notify their require- ments at least 14 days before the date on which the slides are to be used. Sir Edward Frankland Medal and Prize.-Registered Students are informed that the Council will be prepared to consider the award in January 1946 of a Medal and Prize (3tJ10 10s.) for the best essay not exceeding 3000 words contributed by a Registered Student of not more than 22 years of age at the time of forwarding the essay. The essay may deal with any subject having a bearing on chemistry or chemical work provided that it does not deal with any purely chemical technical or historical subject. The object of the essay is to induce Students to develop a sense of professional public spirit and to devote thought to questions of professional interest and to the position of chemists in the life of the community.Essays will be valued partly for literary style and technique but mainly for the thoughts and ideas contained therein. Each essay must be sent to the Honorary Secretary of the Local Section in the area of which the competitor resides (see list of Local Sections at the end of the Journal) not later than 31st December 1946 and must be accompanied by a signed declaration that it is the independent work of the contributor. The Committee of each LocaI Section will be asked to select from those received not more than three essays considered [ 1631 to be worthy of the award. The selected essays will be referred to Assessors appointed by the Council on whose report the Council will decide whether and to whom an award shall be made.The award will not be made more than once to any individual competitor The Medal and Prize will be presented at the next Annual General Meeting or at a meeting of the Local Section to which the successful competitor is attached. Changes of Address.-Fellows Associates and Registered Students who wish to notify changes of address are requested to give so far as possible their permanent addresses for registration. All requests for changes in the Register should be addressed to the Registrar and not to the Honorary Secretaries of Local Sections. In order to facilitate identification Fellows and Associates are asked to give their full initials on communications addressed to the Institute.In the prevailing circumstances Fellows and Associates are also asked not invariably to expect formal acknowledgments of communications addressed to the Institute unless replies are necessary. BENEVOLENT FUND.-Contributions for 1945 may be sent to the Honorary Treasurer 30,Russell Square London W.C.l. Forms for Deeds of Covenant and Forms of Bequest may be obtained from the Secretary. JOINT SUBSCRIPTION SCHEME Fellows and Associates and Registered Students who wish to participate in the scheme under which they can acquire for a reduced subscription membership of the Chemical Society and the Society of Chemical Industry and substantial privileges as to publications can obtain particulars from the Conjoint Chemical Office 9 and 10 Savile Row London W.l.(See special article on p. 148.)