AbstractThe present study deals with 12 species of Cicerinidae. Further details are given for 6 species previously described:Toia yciaMarcus,Cicerina eucentrotaAx,Nan‐norhynchides vividusBrunet, JV.harpariusBrunet,N. corneusBrunet,Didiadema picardiBrunet. Two new species are described,Toia calceformissp.n., different fromT. yciaby half‐boot shape of the cirrus, andParacicerina globulosasp.n., characterized by very short (4 μm) cuticular spermatic ducts and a spherical copulatory bulb provided with a spiny cirrus (35–40 μm long). Histological studies ofPtyalorhynchus coecusAx confirm the generic separation ofPtyalorhynchusandParacicerina;the main difference is the glandular girdle structure of the proboscis inPtyalorhynchuswhich is split into two areas (inner and outer one) by basal circular muscles; the intensively stained secretion of the inner area is localized in 15 membranous canals.Pocillorhynchusgen.n., with two species,P. agilissp.n. andP. minutussp.n., is closely related to the generaToiaandNannorhynchides, but differs from them by the following characters: proboscis with broad glandular girdle, devoid of circular muscle bulb, cuticular spermatic ducts long and thin (95–125 μm). From the comparison of their morphological and anatomical features, two groups of genera are distinguished in Cicerinidae; first group includingToia‐Nannorhynchides ‐ Pocillorhynchus, second group includingCicerina‐Paracicerina ‐ Etmorhynchus ‐ Ptyalorhynchus ‐ Zonorhynchus ‐ Xenocicerina ‐ Didiadema.Special attention is paid to proboscis structure. The study ends with an identification key