With the aim of investigating the effectiveness of Rifampicin in eradicating Salmonella, 34 children with gastroenteritis due to Salmonella were studied, 18 receiving the drug and 16 not (control group). In 14 of the first group Salmonella was not isolated after treatment with the drug, but was still present in 4 cases; in one of these the strain isolated was resistant to 360 μg/ml of Rifampicin, while in the other 3 cases no reasons were discovered for the presence of the bacteria. Statistical analysis performed after pairing 14 cases in each group revealed a significantly lower percentage of isolated Salmonella in the treated group during a similar length of time after the end of treatment, as in the control group