Comparison of seedling survival, by types of stock of lodgepole pine(Pinus contortaDougl. ex Loud.) and Siberian larch(Larix sibirica(Munchh.) Ledeb.), was made on mineral soils at four locations in Iceland. Planting tools and site preparation were also tested. After three growing seasons, variations in survival by locations were greater for Siberian larch (0–81%)than for lodgepole pine (34–65%).Large variations in survival were observed by types of stock and site preparation. The influence of planting tools was of minor significance. Container stock and transplants of lodgepole pine and Siberian larch, respectively, generally had the greatest survival. In general, site preparation had negative effects on lodgepole pine and positive effects on Siberian larch. The results imply, furthermore, that effects of glyphosate application on lodgepole pine are site specific. In conclusion, for given sites and species, a proper choice of stock and site preparation may greatly improve afforestation success in Iceland.