Total cholesterol results of a screening of 134 Munich school children aged 6-11 years are described. In reviewing worldwide studies on blood lipids in children, in the last 10 years, I note a large variance in the so-called“normal”values, with mean levels of total cholesterol ranging from 148 to 214 mg%. Age-, sex-, and race-specific reference data for a population are needed. Only with these special data can one determine the point for intervention. With school health education programs, including medical screening examinations, the aim of primary prevention of coronary heart disease can be reached.