A case with central nervous symptoms in type V hyperlipoproteinemia was described. The 39-year-old male patient suffered from abdominal pains after fatty meals since childhood. After the age of 31 he developed attacks of cephaleas. Headaches were associated with vertigo, paresis and paresthesia of the limbs and loss of consciousness in some instances. During antilipemic treatment combined with a diet of restricted fat and carbohydrate content the patient became free of complaints. Authors emphasize the impairment of cerebral circulation and tissue hypoxia in the development of cerebral disturbances in hyperlipoproteinemia. The mechanism of the development of hypoxia is discussed.