The diagnosis and surgical management of cataracts in children has benefitted from improvements in microsurgical techniques. Intraocular lens placement has become standard in children 2 years of age and older. Initial experience with intraocular lens implantation in infants found a high rate of surgical complications. However, refinements in surgical techniques may lesson these complications. Posterior capsule opacification is a frequent postoperative problem after pediatric cataract surgery. Posterior continuous curvilinear capsulorhexis with anterior vitrectomy is an effective means to prevent opacification of the visual axis in children.