To ascertain the current place of the theory and practice of behavior therapy in the curricula of medical schools and residency training programs in the United States, questionnaires were sent to 89 4-year medical schools and a random sample of psychiatric residency training programs. Although most respondents in both surveys indicated that some course material is offered in their program, in most instances the exposure is elective and the number of hours involved small. It is recommended that both medical students and psychiatric residents be given more opportunity in this area. Also, priority should be given first to learning the methods of behavior therapy—the application of principles of learning to the analysis of disorders of behavior—and second to experience with specific behavior therapy procedures.