The presence and cellular distribution of epidermal growth factor (EGF), TGF‐α, and EGF‐R were determined in the rat fascial and peritoneal tissue during healing of an incisional injury by means of immunohistochemistry and autoradiographic techniques. The immunostaining intensity for EGF in the regenerating wound area was substantially higher during the first 14 days, then decreased to near prewound levels during 14 to 35 days after surgery. Within the wound area, the most intense immunostaining occurred with inflammatory cells, followed by fascial striated muscle and arterioles, whereas fibroblasts in the regenerating area contained very low immunostaining intensity. The immunostaining pattern for TGF‐α with the use of three separate polyclonal antibodies that were directed against the amino and carboxy termini of TGF‐α precursor and a fragment of the mature 50‐amino‐acid form of TGF‐α was similar to that seen with EGF and persisted until 28 days after injury. However, fibroblasts in the regenerating area immunostained intensely for TGF‐α but not for EGF. Quantitative autoradiography of iodine 125—labeled EGF binding and immunohistochemical studies of the EGF‐R with monoclonal antibodies that were directed against the extracellular binding domain of EGF‐R demonstrated the presence of specific EGF‐R in regenerating fascial and peritoneal tissue. Net grain density (100 µm2), representing specific binding of125I‐EGF, was calculated for different cell types in the wound. The grain density over fascial striated muscle, migratory fibroblasts and peritoneal fibroblasts increased by two and one half, three, and four times, respectively, at 7 days and decreased to the values in adjacent unwounded tissue by 21 days after injury (p<0.05). Immunostaining for the EGF‐R generated similar patterns, which persisted for 14 days after injury. The grain density and immunostaining for EGF‐R over the arterioles in the wound did not change during the course of healing and was similar to that of the uninjured regions. In summary, these observations indicate that the local levels of EGF, TGF‐α, and EGF‐R increase during the early phases of healing in fascial and peritoneal injury, which suggests a role for these growth factors in the normal mechanism of fascial/peritoneal woun