AbstractThe male and female ofLeptanilla japonicaBaroni Urbani are described. This is the first worker‐associated male to be discovered in subfamily Leptanillinae.Leptanilla taiwanensisis described as new based on the worker and female from Taiwan, the first record of Leptanillinae from the island. An ecological note on the food of the ants is given. Implications of the male morphology and taxonomic positions of the other leptanilline genera based on males are discusse