The standard hepatic biochemical tests are modified during pregnancy by normal physiologic changes. Primary sclerosing cholangitis appears to be far more common than previously suspected and exists in an asymptomatic form. This asymptomatic form may be progressive with a considerable mortality and morbidity including the development of cholangiocarcinoma. Because no effective parasiticide agent is available hepatic hydatid disease is still a surgical condition requiring surgical extirpation of the entire cyst. Rarer infections that may involve the liver include tuberculosis, leptospirosis, cytomegalic viral infection, andSalmonella typhi.In patients with fulminant hepatic failure manifesting fever and evidence of sepsis unresponsive to antibiotics, fungal infections have to be excluded. Liver disorders associated with thyroid dysfunction can occur for both hypo-and hyperthyroidism. The role of prostaglandins in hepatic disease is still being evaluated particularly relating to the hepatorenal syndrome as well as fulminant hepatic failure. Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis is encountered with increasing frequency and its differentiation from alcoholic hepatitis is now becoming more clearly demarcated. Certainly, the presence of a normal prothrombin time, a normal albumin, and an aspartate aminotransferase:alanine aminotransferase ratio of less than two favors the nonalcoholic form. The role of nutrition in liver disease has been largely neglected and it is now apparent that malnutrition is a major risk factor for surgery in general and specifically for liver transplantation.