AbstractThe innervation of the pulmonary trunk and pulmonary arterial bed was studied in 17 pigs from birth to 6 months of age. After birth, the pulmonary trunk and extra‐and intra‐pulmonary arteries contained neurofilament and protein gene‐product‐immunoreactive nerve fibres in both the adventitia and media. The density of nerve fibres increased from birth to 2 months, this being most marked during the first 2 weeks of life. Most of the fibres in the media were presumed to be sympathetic in origin as they contained both neuropeptide tyrosine and tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity. Fibres were associated with the vasa‐vasorum and vascular smooth muscle running around the vessel, between the elastic laminae and smooth muscle cells, in the outer two‐thirds of the media. Vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and calcitonin gene‐related peptide‐immunoreactive nerve fibres were found to be associated with the pulmonary trunk and extra‐pulmonary artery, but generally not with the intra‐pulmonary arteries. Tyrosine hydroxylase immunoreactivity was detected in the glomus cells at birth, but peptide immunoreactivity (enkephalin) was not demonstrated in paraganglia until 14 days of age. Adaptation to extra‐uterine life is associated with rapid development changes in the innervation of the pig pulmonary trunk, extra‐and intra‐pulmonary arteries and in the expression of peptide immunoreactivity in both nerve fibres and glomus cells. These changes may have a role in the postnatal adaptation of