ANNUAL REPORTSON THEPROGRESS OF CHEMISTRYANNUAL REPORTSH. BASSETT, D.Sc., Ph.D.G. M. BENNETT, M.A., Ph.D.H. V. A. BRISCOE, D.Sc.H. M. DAWSON, D.Sc., Ph.D.Y.G. DONNAN, C.B.E., LL.D., F.R.S.A. C. G. EoERToN,M.A., F.R.S.J. J. Fox, O.B.E., D.Sc.C. S. GIBSON, O.B.E., M.A.A. J. GREENAWAY, F.I.O.W. N. HAWORTH, D.Sc., F.R.S.T. A. HENRY, D.Sc.J. T. HEwITr, D.Sc., F.K.S.C. N. HINSHELWOOD, M.A., F.R.S.C. K. INGOLD, D.Sc., F.R.S.ON THEJ. KENYON, D.Sc.H. KIRO, D.Sc.W. H. MILLS, Sc.D., F.R.S.T. S. MOORE, M.A., B.Sc.J. 0. PHILIP, O.B.N., D.Sc., F.R.S.T. 8. PRICE, O.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S.F. L. PYMAN, D.Sc., F.R.S.E. K. RIDEAL, M.A., D.Sc., F.R.S.R. ROBINSON, D.Sc., F.R.S.J. L. SIMONSEN, D.Sc.5. SMILES, O.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S.S. SUGDEN, D.Sc.J.F. THORPE, C.B.E., D.Sc., F.R.S.PROGRESS OF CHEMISTRYH. BASSETT, D.Sc., Ph.D., D.-&s-Sc.G. M. BENNETT, M.A., Ph.D.A. W. CHAPMAN, D.Sc.A. C. CHIBNALL, Sc.D.B. A. ELLIS, M.A.E. H. FARMER, D.Sc.J. J. Fox, O.B.E., D.Sc.0. GATTY, B.A.A. F. HALLIMOND, M.A.F 0 13(Sir) H. HARTLEY, M.C., C.B.E., M.A.,C. N. HINSHELWOOD, M.A., F.R.S.W. A. MACFARLANE, B.A.D. M. MURRAY-RUST, M.A.S. G. P. PLANT, D.Phil., M.A.J. PRYDE, M.Sc.A. S. RUSSELL, N.G, X A . , D.f%F.R.S.1930.ISSUED BY THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY@bitor :CLARENCE SMITH, D.Sc.3saiatattt aFbitor :A. D. MITCHELL, D.Sc.V O l . XXVII.L O N D O N :T H E C H E M I C A L S O C I E T Y1931PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BYRlCUARD CLAY & SONS, LIMITED.BUNQAY, SUFFOLKCONTENTS.PAGEGENERAL AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.By C. N. HINSRELWOOD,M.A., F.R.S. . . . . . . . . . . 11INORQANIC CHEMISTRY. By H. BASSETT, D.Sc., Ph.D. . . 52ORGANIC CHEMISTRY 1-Part I.-ALIPHATIC DIVISION. By E. H. FARMER, D.Sc. . . 82A. W. CHAPMAN, D.Sc. . . . . . . . . 114171Part II.-HOYOCYCLIC DIVISION.Part III.-HETEROCYCLIC DrvIsroN.By G. M. BENNETT, M.A., Ph.D., andBy S. G. P. PLANT, M.A., D.Phi1.By J. J. Fox, O.B.E., D.Sc., and B. A. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY.ELLIS, M.A. . . . . . . . . . . 203BIOCHEMISTRY. By A. C. CHIBNALL, Sc.D., and J. PKYDE, M.Sc. . 229GEOCHEMISTRY. By A. F. HALLIMOND, M.A. . . . . . 283RADIOACTIVITY AND SUB-ATOMIC PHENOMENA (1929-30). RyA. S. RUSSELL, M.C., M.A., D.Sc. . . . . . . 305ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF SOLUTIONS.By (Sir) H.HARTLEY, &r.c., c.B.E., M.A., F.R.s., 0. GATTY, B.A., w. A.MACFARLANE, B.A., and D. M. MURRAY-RUST, M.A. . . . 32TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED I N THEREFERENCES.Abbreviated Title. FULL TITLE.A. . . . . . Abstracts in Journal of the Chemical Society (until1925) or in British Chemical Abstracts,’ Section A.Abs. Theses Univ. Chicago Abstracts of Theses, University of Chicago (ScienceAmer. Inst. Net. Eng. Tech. American Institute o f Mining and MetallurgicalAmer. J. Bot. . . . American Journal of Botany.Amer. J. Pharnz. . . American Journal of Pharmacy.Amer. J. Physwl. . . American Journal o f Physiology.Amer. J. Sci. . . . American Journal of Science.Amer. Xin. . . . Atnerican Mineralogist.Amer.Rev. Tuberculosis . American Review of Tuberculosis.Anal. Asoc. Quiina. AygentinaAnal. Bs. Quim . . Anales de la Sociedad Espan6la Fisica y Quimica.Analyst . , . . The Analyst.Annalen . . . . Justus Liebig’s Annalen der Chemie.Ann. Acad. Brasil. Sci.Ann. App?. Bot. . . Annals of Applied Botany.Ann. Bot. . . . . Annals o f Botany.Ann. Chim. . . . Annales de Chimie.Ann. Chim. Appl. . . Annali di Chimica Applicata.Ann. Inst. Anal. Phys. Annales de l’hstitute d’Analyse physico-chimique,Ann. Inst. Platine . . Annales de 1’Institut de Platine et des adtres MQtauxAnn. Physik . . . Annalen der Physik.Ann. Reports . . . Annual Reports of the Chemical Society.Apoth.-Ztg. . . . Apotheker-Zeitung.Arch. Eisenhiittenw. . . Archiv fur das Eisenhiittenwesen.Arch.ges. Physiol. . . Archiv fur die gesamte Physiologie des MenschenArch. Phurm. . . , Archiv der Pharmazie.Arch. Physique biol. , . Archives de Physique biologique.Arch.Sci. Biol. St. PeterslurgArch. Sci. phys. nut. . .Arhiv Hemiju . . . Arhiv za Hemijn i Farmaciju.Arkiv Kemi, Min., Geal. .Arp. Seminario Est. GalegosAstrophys. J. . . . Astrophysical Journal.Atti R. A c d . Lincei . . Atti (Kendiconti, Memorie) della Reale AccademiaNazionale dei Lincei, classe di scienze fisiche,matematiche e naturali, Roma.B. . . . . , British Cheniical Abstracts,* Section B.Bcin. Koh. Lapok . . Bdnytiszati ks Kohiszati Lapok.Rer. . . . . , Berichte der deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft.Uiochem. J. . . . The Biochemical Journal.Biochcm.2. . . . Biochemische Zeitschrift.BioL Keviews . . . Biological Reviews.Brennstof.-Chem. . . Brennstoff-Chemie.Bul. SOC. Chim. Bomdnia ,Bull. Acad. Polonaise .Bull. Acad. roy. Bclg. .BdI. Acad. Sci. Roumaine .Bull. A d . Sci. Leningrad.Bull. Acad. Sci. U.S.S.R. .Bull. Chem. SOC. Japan .(Sci. Ser.) . . . Series).Pub. . . . . Engineers Technical Publications.Anales de la Asociacion Quimica Argentina.. Annals da Academia Brasileira de Sciencias.Chem. . . . . Leningrad.prikieux.und der Tiere (Pfliigers Archives).Archives des Sciences biologiqnes, St. Petersburg.Archives des Sciences physiques e t naturelles.Arkiv €3- Iiemi, Mineralogi och Geologi.Arquiros do Srminario d’Estudos Galegos.Buletinul Societgtei de Chimie din Romania.Bulletin Internationale de 1’ Acaddmie Polonaise desAcademie royale de Be1gique.-Bulletin de la ClasseBulletin de la Section Scientifique de l’Acad6mieBulletin de 1’AcadP;mie des Sciences, Leningrad.Bulletin de 1’Acadkmie des Sciences de 1’Union desBulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan.sciences et des Lettres.des Sciences.Roumaine.Rkpubliques SoviBtiques Socialistes.The year is not inserted in references t o 1930viii TABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN THE REFERENCES.Abbreviated Title.Bull.Inst. Phys. Chem. Res.Tokyo . . . .Bull. SOC. chim. . .Bull. Soc. chim.Belg. ,Bull. Soc. Chim. 6401. .Bull. Soc.franq. illin. .Bull. Xoc. Pham. Bor-deaux . . . .Bull. U.S. Geol. SzLrvey .Bull. U.S. Nat. Museum .Bull.Wagner Inst. Sci. .Bur. Stand. J. Rcs. . .Canadian J. Bes. . .Centr. illin. . . .Chem. and Ind. . . .Chem. Erde . . .Chem. Listy . . .Chem. News . . .Chem. Reviews . . .Chem. Weekblad . .Chem. Zentr. . , .Chem.-Ztg. . . ,C‘ompt. rend. . . .Compt. rend. 90c. Bid. .Econ. Geol. . . .Gazzetta . . . .Gwrit. Chim. Ind. App2. .Helv. Chim. Acta . .Helv. Phys. Acta . .Ind. Eng. Chenz.. . .Ind. Eng. Chenz. (Aval.) .J . . . . . .J. Agric. Ees. . . .J. Amer. Chcm. SOC. . ,J. Amer. Med. Assoc. . .J . Amer. Pharm. Assoc. .J. Appl. Chem. Russia .J. Assoc. Of. Agric. CZieni. .J. Bact. . . . .J. Biol. Chem . . .J, Chem, Ind. Russia. .J. Chim. physique . .J. Czech. Chem. Cmm. .J. Dept. Agric. Kyushw .J. Elisha d.litchee2l Sci.SOC.J. Franklin Inst. . .J. Gen. Physiol. . . .J . Geol. . . . .J. Indian Chem. SOC. . .J. Indian Inst. Sci. . .J. Inst. MetaL . . .J. Marine Biol, Assoc. .PULL TITLE.Bulletin of the Institute of Physical and ChemicalBulletin de la Sociktd chimique de France.Bulletin de la Sociktd chimique de Belgique.Bulletin de la Socidtd de Chimie biologique.Rulletin de la SociBtB franqaise de Mineralogie.Bulletin des Travaux de la Sociktti de Yharmacie deI3ulletin of the United States Geological Survey.Rulletin of the United States National Museum.Bulletin of the Wagner Free Institute of Science ofBureau of Standards Journal of Research.Canadian Journal of Research.Centralblatt fur Mineralogie, Geologie, und Palaon-Chemistry and Industry.Chemie der Erde.Chemickd Listy pro VGdu a PrBmysl.Organ de la‘‘ Ceskk chemickb Spoleitnost pro VBdu aPrfiniysl. ”Chemical News.Chemical Reviews.Chemisch Weekblad.Chemisches Zentralblatt.Chemiker-Zeitung.Comptes rendus hebdomadaires des SOances de1’Acaddmie des Sciences.Comptes rendiis hebdomadaires de SBances de laSociBtd de Biology.Economic Geology.Gazzetta chimica italiana.Giornnle di Chimica Industrinle ed Applicata.Helvetica Chimica Acta.Helvetica Physica Acta.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry.Industrial and Engineering Chemistry : AnalyticalJournal of the Chemical Society.Journal of Agricultural Research.Journal of the Anierican Chemical Society.Journal of the American Medical Association.Journal of the American Pharmaceutical Association.Zhurnal prikladnoi Chimii.Journal of the Association of Official AgriculturalJournal of Bacteriology, Baltimore.Journal of Biological Chemistry.Journal of Chemical Industry of Russia.Journal de Chimie physique.Journal of Czechoslovak Chemical Coinniunications.Journal of the Department of Agriculture, liyushuImperial University.Journal of the Elisha Mitchell Scientific Society.Journal of the Franklin Institute.Journal of General Physiology..Journal of Geology.Quarterly Journal of the Indian Chemical Society.Journd of the Indian Institute of Science.Journal of the Institnte of Metals.Journal of the Marine Biological Association of theResearch, Tokyo.Bordeaux.Philadelphia.tologie.Edition.Chemists.United KingdomTABLE OF ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN TIIE REFERENCES.ixAbbreviated Title.S. Phamn. Chim. . .J. Pharm. SOC. Japan. .J. Phys. Radium . .S. Physical Chern. . J. pr. Chm. .J . Roy. Tech. CoEl. GiasgodJ. Buss. Phys. Chem. Soc. .J . Soc. Chem. Ind. . .J. Soc. Chem. 2nd. Japan .J. Soc. G2ass Tech. . .S. Washington Acad. Sci. .Jahrb. Min., BeiL-Bd. .X. Samka Vetenskapsal.Eandl. . . .Xgl. Danske bidenskabs.Selsk. Math.-phys. Med. .golloidcicam. Beih.. . .Kolloid- Z. . . .Mem. Coll. Sci. Kyoto. .Mikrochem. . . .Min. Mag. . . . .illilt. Lebensm. Eyg. . .Mmtsh. . . . .1V.J. Agric. Exp. Sta. B d l .Nach. Ges. Wiss. Gottingen.Naturwiss. . . .N'uumoetensch. Tijds. .New Phyt. .. .Nuovo Cim. . . .Oesterr. Chem.-Ztg. . ,PJiiqers Arch. . . .Phamn. Weekblad , .PJtaTm. Zentr. . . .Pham.-Ztg. . . .Phil. Mag. . . .Phil. Trana. . . .Philip?rine J . Sci. . .PhysicclRev. . . .Phyrikal. Z. . . ,Plant Physwl. . , .Planta . . . .Proc. Acad. Sci. AinsterdarnProc. Biochem. SOC. . .Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. .Proc. K. Akad. Wetensch.Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo .A ntsterdmrFULL TITLE.Jounial de Pharmacie et de Chimie.Jounial of the Pharmaceutical Society of Japan,Journal de Physique e t le Radium.Journal of Physical Chemistry.Journal fur praktische Chemie.Journal of the Royal Technical College (Glasgow).Journal of the Physical and Chemical Society of(Yakugakuzasshi) .Russia.Journal of the Societv of Chemical Xndustrv.Journal of the Sociecy of Chemical Indusiry, Japan.Journal of the Society of Glass Technology.Journal of the Washington Acadenly of Sciences.Neues Jahrbuch fur Mineralogie, Geologie undKongliga Svenska Vetenskaps Akadeiniens Hand-Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, Msthe-Kolloidchemische Beihefte.Kolloid-Zeitschrift.Memoirs of the College of Science, Kyoto ImperialUniversity .Mikrochemie.Mineralogical Magazine and Journal of the Minera-logical Society.Mitteilungen aus dem Gebiete der Lebensmittelunter-auchung und Hygiene.Monatshefte fk Chemie und verwandte Theile andererWissenschaften.(K6gy6 Kwagaku Zasshi.)Paliiontologie, Beilage-Band.lingar.matisk-fysiske Meddelelser.New Jersey Agricultural Experimental StationsBulletin.Nachrichten von der Gesellschaft der Wissenschaftenzu Gottingen.Die Naturwissenschaften.Natuurwetenschappelijk Tijdschrift.New PEytologist.I1 Nuovo Cimento.Oesterreichische Chemiker-Zeitung.Archiv fiir die gesam te Pliysiologie des Menschenund der Tiere.Pharmaceutich Weekblad.Pharmazeutische Zentralhalle.Pharmazeutische Zeitung.Philosophical Magazine (The London, Edinburgh andDublin).Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society ofLondon.Philippine Journal of Science.Physical Review.Physikalische Zeitschrift.Plant Ph yaiol ogy .Zeitschrift fur wissenachaftliche Biologie. AbteilungE.Planta. Archiv fur wissenschaftliche Botanik.Proceedings of the Royal Academy of Sciences ofAmsterdam (English Version).Chemistry and Industry (Proceedings of BiochemiealSociety).Proceedings of the Cambridge Philosophical Society.Proceedings of the Imperial Academy of Japan.Koninklijke Akademie van Wetenschappen te Amster-dam.Proceedings (English version).AX TABLE OP ABBREVIATIONS EMPLOYED IN THE REFERENCES.Abbreviated Title.Proc. Leeds Phil. Xoc. .Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. , .Proc. NoGa Xcotia Inst. Sci.Proc. PhysicalSoe. . .Proc. Roy. SOC. . . .Proc. U.S. Nat. Musewm .Proc. Univ. Durham Phil.SOC. . . . .Przemyst Chem. . . .Quart. J. CeoE. SOC. . .Quim.eJnd. . . .IZec. trav. chim. . . .Rev. g h . Colloid. . .Rev. Sci. Instr. . . .Rocz. Chem. . . .815. Papers Inst. Phys.Chem. Res. Tokyo . .SG~. Rep. T6hoku Imp. Univ.Semanamkd.. . .Xitzu?Lgsber. Akad. Wiss.Wien. . . . .Xitzungsber. Preuss. Akad.Wiss. Berlin . . .SuomenKem. . . .Svemk Farm. Tidskr. .S'censk Kem. Tidskr. . .Tidsskr. Kjemi Berg. . .Trans. Amer. Electrochem.SOC. . . . .Trans. Canad. Inst. Nin.Met. . . . .Trans. Ceramic Soc. . .Trans. Faraday SOC, . .Trans. Roy. 9oc. Canada .Tsch. Xin. Petr. Mitt. .Ukraine Chm. J, . .[J.S. Bur. Stand. Res. PaperVerh. Geol. Bundesanst.Wien . . . .Vers. K. Akad. Amster-dam . . . .Wiss. Verof. Siemens-Konx.2. anal. Chem. .2. angew. Chem..2. anorg. Chem. ,2. Elektrochem. .2. Oeophys. .2. Krist. . .2. Metullk. . .2. PJanz. Dung.Z. Physik . .2. physikal. C h m .* . . . . .. .. .. . . . . . . . . .2. physiol. c'hem.. .Z. tech. Physik. . . .2. Vcr. deut. Zucker-I.?id. .FULL TITLE.Proceedings of the Leeds Pldosophical and LiteraryProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.Proceedings of the Nova Scotia Institute of Science.Proceedings of the Physical Society of London.Proceedings of the Royal Society.Proceedings of the Uni tcd States National Museum.Proceedings of the University of Durliani I'hilo-sophical Society.Przemysf Chemiczny.Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society.Quimica e Industria.Recneil des travaux chimiques des Pays-Rss et de laRevue gherale des Colloi'des.Review of Scientific Instruments.Roczniki Chemji organ Polskiego TowarzystwaChemicznego.Scientific Papers of the Tnstitute of Physical andChemical Research, Tokyo.Science Reports, Tahoku Imperial University.La Semsna medica (Bnenos Aires).Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften,Sitzungsberichte der Preussischen Akademie derSuomen Kemistilehti Acta Chetnica Fennica.Svensk Farmaceutisk Tidskrift.Svensk Kemisk Tidskrift.Tidsskrift for Kemi og Bergvaesen.Transactions of the American ElectrochemicalSociety,Transactions of the Canadian Institute of Miningand Metallurgy and of the Minirig Society ofNova Scotia.Society (Scientific Section).Belgique.Wien.Wissenschaftcn zu Berlin.Transactions of the Ceramic Society.Transactions of the Faraday Society.Transactions of the Royal Society of Canada.Tschermaks minerologische und petrogrsphischeUkraine Chemical Journal.Research Papers of tlie U.S.Bnreau of Standarda.Verhandlungen der Ueologischen Bundessnstalt,Verslag Koninklijke Akademie Wetenschappen teWissenschaftliche Veroffentlichungen ails demZeitschrift fur analytische Chemie.Zeitschrift fur angewandte Chernie.Zeitschrift fur anorganische und allgemeine Chemie.Zeitschrift fiir Elektrochemie.Zeitschrift fur Geophysik.Zeitschrift fur Kristallographie.Zeitschrift fur Metallkunde.Zeitschrift fur Pflanzenorniihrung und Dungung.Zeitschrift fur Physik.Zeitschrift fur physikalische Chemie, Stijchioinetrieund Verwandtschaftslehre.Hoppe-Seyler's Zeitschrift fur ph ysiologische Cheniie.Zeitschrift fur technische Pliysik.Zeitschrift des Vereinsder deutschen Zucker-Indnstrie.Mitteilungen.Wien.Amsterdam.Siemens- Konzern