Objective:To determine the recent pattern of use of hypolipidaemic drugs in the Australian community.Design:Drug utilisation study employing prescription data collected during the operation of the Australian Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme (PBS).Setting:Non‐hospital drug use in Australia.Patients:All patients, pensioners and non‐pensioners, who received prescriptions for hypolipidaemic agents under the PBS between January 1987 and December 1989.Main outcome measures:The total number of prescriptions, average quantity dispensed with each prescription, defined daily doses (DDD) and Australian population figures for pensioners and non‐pensioners were used to express the consumption of hypolipidaemic agents as DDD/1000 individuals/day.Results:Between the March quarter 1987 and the December quarter 1989 prescribing of hypolipidaemics for the Australian community increased from 68 120 to 304 760 prescriptions per quarter, which translates to a rise in use from 1.2 to 5.2 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. This included a rise in the use of clofibrate from 0.6 to 2.6 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day, and of cholestyramine from 0.6 to 1.9 DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. Prescribing of hypolipidaemics for pensioners increased from 29 569 to 123 440 prescriptions per quarter. This translated into a rise in use from 3.7 to 14.8 DDD/1000 pensioners/day. Notable rises were seen for clofibrate, 1.9 to 8.1 DDD/1000 pensioners/day, and cholestyramine, 1.6 to 4.7 DDD/1000 pensioners/day. In comparison published data from the Nordic countries and the United States showed a lower overall use of hypolipidaemics and declining consumption of clofibrate.Conclusions:The trend in Australia was unusual in that the use of clofibrate increased to a greater‐extent than that of the resins, cholestyramine and colestipol which are generally preferred for treatment of hyper‐cholesterolaemia. Possible reasons for this include: the better tolerability of clofibrate; its readier availability during the study period; the recommendation by the Pharmaceutical Benefits Advisory Committee that clofibrate was the preferred drug when triglyceride levels were also elevated and the limited availability of newer hypolipldaemic agents.