This study presents the results of a national survey of the counseling and guidance staff and its functions within state departments of education throughout the United States and four territories during the past decade. Counseling and guidance section directors in state departments of education in the U.S. received a letter describing the nature and purpose of the study and a request for cooperation by completing an enclosed questionnaire. Data collection resulted in an 83% return rate. The results of this study indicate specific trends and implications. These trends reflect economic changes and imply further diversification of services with fewer staff members. This article specifically addresses trends, implications, and the present impact on populations that counseling and guidance personnel serve.