AbstractAvailable data on the tetramoriine ant genusRhoptromyrmexMayr are reviewed. The genus is redefined for all castes and the monotypic genusHagioxenusForel, formerly placed in theMonomorium‐group, is synonymized withRhoptromyrmex. Anew species(caritus)is described from Uganda and keys to known workers, females and males are presented. Nest founding by the females, two of which appear autoparasitic and two of which are inquilines, is discussed and the evolutionary pathway of inquilines reviewed. Current taxonomic data on all species are summarize