THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY OF GREAT BRITAIN AND IRELAND. FOUNDED, 1877. INCORPORATED BY ROYAL CHARTER, 1885. JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGS 1926. PART V. Issued under the supervision of the Publications Committee. RICHARD B. PILCHER, Registvrrv niid Secretary. 30, RUSSELLSQUARE, W.C. 1.LONDON, October, 7926. Publications Committee, 1926-27 T. SLATER PRICE (Chairmatz) G. G. HENDERSON (President), H. C. L. BLOXAM, A. J. CHAPMAN, W. M. CUMMING, LEONARD DOBBIN, J. C. DRUMMOND, W. R. FEARON, R. H. GREAVES, C. A. F. HASTILOW, I. M. HEILBRON, PATRICK H. KIRKALDY (Treasurer), A. W. KNAPP, W. H. LEWIS, THOMAS MACARA, 6. G. McLELLAN, L. G. PAUL, FRANK SOUTHERDEN. 209 Proceedings of the Council. AUGUST-OCTOBER, 1926.Finsbury Technical College.-The Meldola Library and the Chemical Library of Finsbury Technical College, which have been presented to the Institute, have been placed in a room adjoining the Library of the Institute. The Streatfeild Memorial Fund has also been transferred to the Institute, and arrangements have been made for the delivery of the ninth annual Streatfeild Memorial Lecture by Mr. F. C. Robinson on ‘‘The Chemist in the Non-Ferrous Metallurgical Refinery” at the Institute on Friday, 19th November, at 8 p.m. The President of the Institute will preside, and the lecture will be open to Fellows, Associates and Students. Tickets of admission will be obtainable by other persons on application to the Registrar. Frederick William Streatfeild, F.I.C., was on the staff of the City and Guilds Technical College, Finsbury, as a teacher of applied chemistry, from 1883until his death in March 1918.He won the esteem and affection of several generations of Finsbury students, who established a fund for the provision of an annual Memorial Lecture to mark their appreciation of his work and worth. Previous Streatfeild Memorial Lecturers have been : for 1918, Sir William J. Pope; 1919, Prof. G. T. Morgan; 1920, J. H. Coste; 1921, W. P. Dreaper; 1922, Prof. C. H. Desch; ~923,E. M. Hawkins; 1924, Julian L. Baker; and 1925, Francis H. Carr. ReguI ation s.-Intending candidates for the Associateship are notified that owing to changes in the regulations for the B.Sc.Degree in Chemistry of London University this degree will only be recognised in future, under the Regulations for the admission of Associates without Examination, if the candidate has taken the Special Examination and has obtained first or second class honours. The General Examination for BSc. will not be so recognised. Owing to changes in the regulations for the award of the Associateship of the Royal College of Science (in Chemistry) 210 and of the Royal School of Mines (in Metallurgy), these diplomas will only be recognised under the Regulations for admission to the Associateship without examination if obtained with first or second class honours. Institutions.-The following have been added to the list of Universities, Colleges and Institutions recognised for the training of candidates for the Examinations of the Institute : University College, Leicester.Wigan and District Mining and Technical ’College. Poisons and Pharmacy Acts-on the advice of the Legal and Parliamentary Committee the Council has made certain representations to the Departmental Committee on the Poisons and Pharmacy Acts, on which further information will be published in due course. Mines Department.-In conjunction with the Institution of Professional Civil Servants, a letter has been addressed to the Mines Department concerning an advertisement which appeared in the public press in September regarding an appointment as Research Chemist under the Safety in Mines Research Board. The post was a temporary whole-time appoint-ment tenable at Sheffield, and candidates for it were required to possess good scientific qualifications.The scale of salary offered was only k160-10-190 PZws cost of living bonus, representing the minimum and maximum salaries of k246 and E285 15s. respectively. The duties of the appointment appeared to call for a higher standard of qualifications and experience than those expected from unestablished junior assistants in other Government Depart- ments for which, in accordance with the recommendations of Committee “C” of the National Whitley Council, a scale of E160-10-220 plus cost of living bonus applies, while officers of the latter grade have prospect of promotion to the higher established staff.Having regard to these considerations and the importance in the public interest of attracting the type of candidate most suitable for the post, the Institute and the Institution of Professional Civil Servants urged that before the appointment was made the salary scale proposed should be re-considered with a view to its improvement. 211 A reply has been received to the effect that these repre- sentations will be borne in mind, should it be found necessary to review the scales of pay of the Research Staff employed under the Board. Substitutes for Ethyl Alcohol.-In Part IV of the Journal the appointment of an Inter-Departmental Committee on Substitutes for Ethyl Alcohol was announced, with an intimation that the Institute had been asked to assist by submitting for the consideration of the Committee any informa- tion or opinions which it might think desirable to offer on questions within the terms of reference; Fellows and Associates who wished to express views on matters coming within the terms of reference were invited to communicate with the Registrar.The following memorandum, signed by Messrs. J.W. Blagden, Oliver Chick, Bernard F. Howard, and S. Gordon Liversedge, has been under the consideration of the Legal and Parliamentary Committee of the Institute, by whose direction it has been forwarded to the Inter-Departmental Committee, with a state-ment that as a general principle the Institute has always favoured the unrestricted use of duty-free solvents for industrial purposes.MEMORANDUM. The Terms of Reference submitted to the Inter-DepartmentalCommittee on substitutes for ethyl alcohol are such that one is justified in assuming that the Commissioners of Customs and Excise, while keeping in view the proviso contained in (d),* contemplate the imposition of duties on all kinds of technical solvents, which have at some time taken, or maytake, or do now take, the place of ethyl alcohol. In fact the Terms may be interpreted in a wider sense than this, since ethyl alcohol is not merely one of the best solvents, but also a raw material for the preparation of a number of fine and technical chemical products, and actually has been replaced in such processes by other substances. In view of tho vagueness of the meaning of the word “spirit” in the Spirit Act, it would appear that this might possibly be extended to include substitutes for ethyl alcohol, which latter term again might be said to embrace almost any organic solvent whether on the market as yet, or not.It must be emphasised that ethyl alcohol is a solvent of almost universal applicability, which, but for the restrictions on its use, might be employed as a solvent in a very large number of trades which now use “substitutes” found after laborious research and trial. The number of such solvents is added to daily, and the demand for them is very much on tho increase. In the last few years a number of alcohols have become technical products which up till then were more or less laboratory curiosities.For exaniple, we cite normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol, ethylene glycol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol and diacetone alcohol. From these, corresponding derivatives, such as the * (d) The desirability of avoiding any restriction which might unnecessarily hamper trade progres or discourage experiment. 212 acetates of isopropyl, normal propyl, and normal butyl alcohols and of cyclic hexanols, have also become commercial products. A great number of new esters have appeared as technical solvents at low prices, such as methyl acetate, the acetates mentioned above, diethyl lactate, diethyl carbonate, etc. ;also the number of technically available ket,ones has been increased by the addition of ethyl methyl ketone, cyclohexanone,cyclopentanone, etc.A large number of derivatives of glycol,and of ethers and esters have been put on the market in the United States of America. These substances have appeared in response to demands from the lacquer, varnish, artificial leather, and other industries, and although it is true that many of these solvents aim at physical properties differing from those of ethyl alcohol, i.e. higher boiling point, lower inflammability, yet it is impossible to rule them out as substitutes for ethyl alcohol regarded simply as a solvent; or even if so, in special cases, to know where to draw the line. Many of the above mentioned solvents are entirely water miscible ; for example,diacetone alcohol, normal propyl alcohol, tertiary butyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, glycol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone; others are soluble to a considerable degree, such as butyl alcohol and cyclohexanol ; others only slightly soluble, such as t,he acetates.Many of these technical solvents have a greater degree of volatility than ethyl alcohol, as, for instance, acetone, methyl acetate and methyl alcohol; others rather less, such a.s propyl and isopropyl alcohol and acetates, methyl ethyl ketone, and butyl alcohol; and there is a gradual change in the physical properties which makes it quite impossible to exclude any one as a possible substitute for ethyl alcohol in cases where the restrictions in the case of the latter make it imperative to use a substitute. For it must be remembered tha,t duty free ethyl alcohol is a very cheap solvent; in fact, cheaper than any of the solvents quoted above.The hydrocarbons alone, which for the most part do duty as fuel, are at, a lower price, and although even these might be classified among the possible substitutes for ethyl alcohol, we are omitting them from the argument as their solvent powers, though over-lapping frequently those of an alcohol, are on the whole distinct from them. Having now pointed out the menace to the manufacturers and users of organic solvents which trhe contcmphted restrictions contain, we will deal in order with the other Terms of R.eference submitted to the Com- mittee. (a)* It is evidently the main object of the Committ,ee to protectthe spirit revenue from possible loss resulting from the use of substitutes.It is almost impossible to calculate what such loss is, or whether there is any loss at all, as it is shown above that solvents are used a,s substitutes for spirit because of the rest,rictions on the latter. If these were removed the consumption of ethyl alcohol as a solvent would increase, but no revenue woulcl result to tho Customs and Excise. In those industries from which the Customs and Excise derive the major part of the spirit revenue, viz., alcoholic beverages, foodstuffs and the perfumery trade, there has been no loss of revenue to the Customs a,nd Excise, as either the “substitutes” are not used a.t all, or, if used, they do not substitute ethyl alcohol, but make possible the manufacture of new and cheaper com-modities appealing to a public unable to pay the price of an article made with duty paid spirit; in fact, there is fairly good evidence to show that the amount of duty paid spirit used is caeteris paribus increased by the introduct’ion of these cheaper lines, as it is only in mixtures with ethyl alcohol that satisfactory results are obtained. We are confident in stating tha,t of all the known substitutes, not one can be regarded as * (a) The maintenance and safety of the spirit ievenue.213 potable or has actually in this country been used as a substitute for, or in addition to, ethyl alcohol in potable liquors. The decline in the spirit revenue is traceable to two causes: (1) the diminished purchasing power of the public, especially of the middle classes, and (2) the greater sobriety of the nation.(b)* It is quite evident that an organic solvent such as those enumer- ated above may be put to many different uses in accordance with certain outstanding properties it may have, such as (1) solvent power, (2) smell, (3) volatility, (4)miscibility with water. No substitute for ethyl alcohol can replace this substance in all these four points, but a large number will satisfy one or more of the requirements to a great degree. No solvent can exactly match ethyl al3ohol in the matter of smell, but some, having at ordinary temperatures no smell at all, such as glycol, can replace it where absence of smell is more important than the imitation of it.The solvents which perhaps most closely match ethyl alcohol in points (l), (3) and (4) are normal propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, and tertiary butyl alcohol, but even in these three points they are all different from ethyl alcohol and from each other; having higher flash-points, different solvent powers, and, though miscible with water, not soluble in salt solutions, i.e. separating from these. In the matter of smell they are quite distinct from each other and from ethyl alcohol. Again, these substitutes for ethyl alcohol may find other uses in manufacttiring processes in which they are obviously not substitutes for ethyl alcohol. They may lead a double existence owing to the possession of some properties in which they replace ethyl alcohol well; as, for instance, glycol, by virtue of its lack of smell and its miscibility with water; and on the other hand, the same stuff may find other use on account of its high boiling-point or its capacity to lower the freezing point of water. It is, in short, impossible to define any solvent as a substitute or not a substitute for ethyl alcohol.(c)t The Ministry of Health can be interested in the consumption of substitutes for ethyl alcohol in various ways: (1) the solvents may be actually consumed by the public in foodstuffs; (2) the vapours of such substitutes may be inhaled by the public in perfumes, sprays and perfumed articles; (3) industrial workers may be subjected to the action of such substitutes as vapour or their skin brought in contact with them in liquid form.It is evident that no manufacturer introducing a new solvent for industrial uses, whether it reaches the public or not, would omit to study the toxicological side of the question, either by consulting existing publications on the subject, or failing these, by having such physiological tests made on his own behalf. To sum up, we have endeavoured to show in the first part of this memorandum which deals mainly with section (d) of the Terms of Reference that it is impossible to impose duties or restrictions on substi- tutes for ethyl alcohol without seriously interfering with the development of the industries manufacturing and consuming organic solvents-that in answer to (a),no loss of revenue has resulted or is likely to result by the introduction of these new solvents-to (b), that the use of them is very varied and that not one can be regarded as a real substitute for ethylalcohol-to (c), that in view of the care exercised by all reputable British chemical manufacturers, there is no menace to the public health in using them.We therefore submit that restrictions and prohibitions on substitutes for ethyl alcohol would not benefit the spirit revenue, but would seriously menace the development of trade and thus strike a blow at the revenue obtainable from other sources. * (t) The various uses to which they are or may be put. (c) The public healch. 214 Local Sections. BristoIand South-Western Count ies.-Mr. T. Wallace has been elected to the Committee in the place of Dr.C. H. Christie, who has removed from the district. The Registrar will visit the Section on the 8th November, and other meetings have been arranged for 19th December and 11th March-the last for the discussion on Registration. Capn.-A meeting of the Section was held on 17th September in the chemical laboratories of the University of Cape Town. Prof. J. Smeath Thomas (Chairman of the section) presided, and, after. having welcomed the visiting chemists, called on Prof. Newbery to open a discussion on “The possibilities of electro- chemical industries in South Africa.” Prof. Newbery said that the conditions for the success of any industrial chemical process were fourfold : (I) Raw material, cheap and plentiful; (2) cheap power; (3) cheap transport; and (4) a ready market.South Africa possessed raw materials of various kinds, and their relative importance varied greatly. Enormous quantities of raw materials were sent out of the country the loss whereof would be regretted later. For example, fluorspar was being sent to America, but when the South African iron industry developed it would be wanted badly. Between one-half and three-fourths of the world’s supply of chrome ore came from Rhodesia; nothing was worked up in the country. The working up was done elsewhere by electro-chemical pro- cesses. Transport was a very important question, which pre- sented a real difficulty, but in that again lay another reason against the export of ore.Local market problems varied enormously, and that uncertainty was in many cases an obstacle to development. In such circumstances it became necessary to find markets abroad. The question of labour was not so serious: they had any amount of unskilled labour, and certain types of skilled labour could be entirely dispensed with by utilising electrical power. Prof. Newbery proceeded to deal with electrolytic processes and electric furnaces, and the uses to which they could be put 215 in South Africa. As far as the application of electrolytic processes went, he instanced the case of copper. The copper market there seemed to be going down, due to the enormous discoveries of copper in the Congo. About 80 to go per cent. of the world’s copper was obtained electrolytically, and in the Congo region some very large electrolytic tanks had been set up.Moreover, the value of the impurities in the copper ore was so great as sometimes to do more than pay for the whole process of copper refining. Silver ores, as such, were not known in South Africa, but a good deal of silver was present in South African lead ores, in the form of argentifcrous galena, and he had hopes that the extraction of silver from galena might become profitable by the use of electrolysis by the fluo-silicate process. That would lead to the production of all the lead arsenate that South Africa required. In any case, the argentiferous lead ores near Pretoria should be capable of being worked clectro- lytically.Electrolytic zinc extraction was carried on largely in Tasmania, but, unfortunately, South African zinc ores were scattered and not much good, hence zinc was not now being extracted in South Africa. Nickel and cobalt ores, however, occurred in the Transkei, at Insizwa, near Mount Ayliff, and along the Bushveld, and these ores were very similar to those of Sudbury in Canada, where they were being treated electro- lytically. Tin occurred in small quantities all over the sub- continent, but he was doubtful whether there would be any outlet for electrolytic tin thence obtained. On the other hand, he believed that the amount of scrap paraffin tins to the square yard of South African soil was greater than in any other part of the world; the tin could be recovered electrolytically, by the agency of chlorine, to make which would mean that their many salt pans would be brought into use and further lead to the manufacture of caustic soda.The future of the alkali industry was largely wrapped up in the production of chlorine, and if a sufficient outlet could be found for the latter the future of that industry in South Africa was assured. Touching on the possibilities of bismuth, cadmium and aluminium ores, Prof. Newbery remarked that sometimes the silver content- and occasionally the gold content-of bismuth was very pro- mising for the application of electrolytic extraction. Aluminium was obtained by electrolysis from bauxite, but it was uncertain whether there were any appreciable occurrences of this ore in South Africa.216 Passing on to the possibilities of electric furnace work, Prof. Newbery said that for this the great need was the existence of iron and coal deposits in close proximity. If high tension current could be supplied where refractory magnetite occurred there would doubtless follow great results in the iron industry, as had been the case in Canada. There were possibilities in regard to manganese. The extent of the seam of manganese in the Hout Bay area had never been fully ascertained. The production of ferro-manganese could well be carried out by means of electric furnaces from psilomelane. Furnaces should be erected to deal with the chromite which occurred so abundantly in Rhodesia, and so save the transport not only of the valuable chromium, but also of the large quantities of relatively valueless gangue which invariably accompanied it.South Africa had one of the best supplies of vanadium in the world. Large quantities of vanadinite (lead vanadate) occurred not only in the Transvaal, but also at Tstimeb. Amongst other electric furnace products, Prof. Newbery mentioned carbide. Provided pure limestone were available, cyanide could be produced in large quantities near the coal mines of the Transvaal. For the preparation of carbon bisulphide, the sulphur, of which they imported so much, could, together with locally occurring coal, provide a simple means of manufacture, and there should be a far bigger use made of carbon bisulphide, for agricultural purposes, than at present was the case in a land so pest-ridden as South Africa.He concluded with a few words on the subject of power for the production of electricity. Of available water power there were, in addition to the Victoria Falls, some falls in Natal, and one or two in the Orange Free State. There was, of course, a good deal to be derived from coal, and in some cases steam power at the pit mouth was obtainable; in many cases power could easily be procurable if there was any guarantee that the demand would be constant. In the discussion which followed, Prof. Smeath Thomas said that although raw material was in many cases cheap and plentiful, one thing which was very necessary for chemical manufacturing processes was a good supply of water.Often the water supply available was not enough even to carry out the ordinary processes of mining, let alone any refining. In Namaqualand, for example, much of the copper ore was of low grade, and if only water were available, even if it could be conveyed from the Orange River, electrolytic processes could 110 doubt be applied with success to working this ore. 217 Mr. E. H. Croghan spoke of the trial of the Siemens-Halske process on the Rand about 25 years ago, and of the subsequent introduction of the zinc precipitation process. What appealed to him was the possibility of combining a cyanide industry with gold extraction. He also referred to the possibilities of utilising chlorine in connection with the purification of water for domestic purposes, and for the prevention of corrosion.The country was making great progress, and he had no doubt that eventually electro-chemistry in South Africa would come into its own. Mr. G. C. Scully said that the address had given them much material for thought. As an industrial country South Africa was young, and its industrial development had taken place practically around the gold mines. Chemical industries in South Africa had grown up mainly in association with the manufacture of explosives and of acids; then further development had come in the direction of fertilisers and agricultural products, but the basic fact was that the demand for such articles as lead arsenate and carbon bisulphide in South Africa was after all relatively small at the best.So far as carbide was concerned, he believed that there was now very little carbide used on the Rand that was not manufactured locally. One process that he hoped would still be successfully introduced would be that of providing the soil with an effective phosphatic fertiliser. He had quite recently heard of a Russian method which seemed as if it might solve that problem. It consisted in electrolysing sodium perchlorate, producing caustic soda and perchloric acid. The perchloric acid was led over phosphate rock and phosphoric acid was thus produced which was easily converted into an available lime phosphate. Such a process, it was suggested, could be applied to the hitherto comparatively useless phosphatic deposits at Saldanha Bay.The meeting adjourned for refreshments, after which Prof. Smeath Thomas exhibited a collection of mineral specimens which he had received from Tsumeb, including samples of cerussite (lead carbonate), vanadinite, germanite (containing the rare metal, germanium), the copper ores cuprite, azurite and dioptase, calamine (zinc ore), and several others. The exhibition formed a fitting conclusion to the lecture, and was a striking evidence of the mineral wealth of that region. Glasgow and West of Scotland.-The annual meeting of the Section will be held on the 29th October. Arrangements 218 have been made for the discussion on the registration of chemists to be held on 26th November, and the Ramsay Chemical Dinner on the 8th December. Joint meetings will be held with the Local Section of the Society of Chemical Industry on 9th November and 21st January, and a smoking concert on 25th March.A joint meeting of the Ardeer Club will be held in February. Irish Section.-The annual meeting of the Section will be held on Wednesday, the 24th November, at 4.30 p.m. in the Chemistry Department , Trinity College, Dublin. Nominations for election to the Committee signed by two members must be lodged with the Secretary by the 10th November. Liverpool and North-Western -The Section met at St. George’s Restaurant, Liverpool, on 9th September, Mr. Alfred Smetham in the chair. In view of the new scheme of grants to Local Sections from the general funds of the Institute, Mr.E. Gabriel Jones submitted a resolution proposing a reduction in the subscription paid by members to the Local Section, but as the proposal involved a change in the rules, it was agreed that the consideration of the matter be postponed, and that a special meeting be convened for the purpose in October, when the Hon. Treasurer would present a statement on the financial position of the Section. Mr. Rideout asked what had been done with regard to the subject of the registration of chemists. The Secretary promised to make enquiries and to report progress. (Subsequently a letter was received from the Registrar asking the Committee of the Section to arrange for the consideration of the statement which had been published in the Journal, and inviting concrete suggestions thereon .) Members also considered matters relating to co-operation of the Learned Societies in Liverpool and district, particularly the suggestion that a central meeting place should be provided for these Societies; that a scientific library should be part of the scheme; that the scheme should include a scientific club; and that the Corporation and University should be asked to give countenance to it.Consideration was also given to the subject of arranging an Annual Dinner with the Society of Chemical Industry and the Northern Section of the Society of Public Analysts. Notes. Members Abroad ,-Fellows and Associates resident in the Overseas Dominions and elsewhere abroad are reminded that they are represented on the Council by Dr.Frankland Dent, who is glad to meet such members (when home on leave) at the Institute by appointment. They will always find a welcome at headquarters, and it is proposed, when a number of such members are in London, to arrange meetings for them in order to facilitate an exchange of views regarding the interests of the profession in different parts of the Empire. Civil Service Chemists.-Attention has been directed to the reference to Committee "C '' of the National Whitley Council in Journal, Part IV (page 168), which is liable to misinterpreta- tion since it indicated that the Committee was still in existence, and that chemists in the Civil Service had been officially repre- sented thereon solely by the Institution of Professional Civil Servants.The Committee has not met since it presented its report early in 1924. The Staff side of the Committee consisted of Major A. G. Church (chairman), representing the National Union of Scientific Workers; Dr. Herbert Smith, representing the Society of Civil Servants; and Professor J. S. S. Brame, Mr. J. H. Oates, Mr. F. Wade, Dr. S. W. Smith, and Mr. W. H. Stephens, Members of the Institution of Professional Civil Servants. Regist ration -Reports from the Local Sections of discussions on the Report of the Special Committee on Registration will be published in Journal Part VI. 220 September-October Examinations, 1926. Abstract of the Report of the Board of Examiners.Examinations were held at the times and places mentioned below; the number of candidates examined and of those who passed was :-For the Associateship- *No. examined. No.passed. CURRENTREGULATIONS. At the Institute : General Chemistry,20th-27th September .. .. .. 28 12 REGULATIONSPRIOR TO MARCH, 1920. At the Institute: Branch (e), The Chemistry (including Microscopy) of Food and Drugs and of Water, 27th September-2nd October .. .. 1 0 At Sheffield University : Branch (g), Chemical Technology with special reference to low temperature carboni- sation, 27th September-1st October .. 1 1 For the Fellowship- At the Institute: Branch (L4), InorganicChemistry, Section I, Mineral Pro-ducts, 28th September-1st October .. 1 At the Institute: Branch (C), OrganicChemistry, 28th-30th September .. 1 ,4t the Institute: Branch (E),The Chemis- try (including Microscopy) of Food and Drugs and of Water, 27th Sep- tember-2nd October .. .. ,. 7 At Manchester University : Branch (F),Biochemistry, with special reference to Vitamines, 20th-24th September .. 1 At the Institute : Branch (H), General Analytical Chemistry, 28th July .. 1 At Sheffield University : Fuel Technology, with special reference to Coal and its Derivatives, 27th September-1stOctober .. .. .. .. .. 1 1 42 21 -I * Two candidates failed only in the translation of German and French literature, and two candidates only in the translation of German literature.Six candidates passed the examination in the translation of French and German literature, and two in the translation of German literature, thereby completing their examination. EXAMINATIONTHE ASSOCIATESHIP GENERALFOR IN CHEMISTRY. INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY.-The answers to the questions in Inorganic and Physical Chemistry were very un-equal. Those parts of the questions on silver and on beryllium depending on memory only were well done, but where some chemical reasoning was necessary, the answers were very poor. Some of the answers in the physical chemistry questions were very good, but many candidates showed a lack of systematic training in that subject. In the practical examination, although only two candidates were able to prove the presence of uranium in pitchblende, the qualitative work was, on the whole, very good.On the quantita- tive side, the work was not so good. (Candidates do not seem to be prepared to deal with quantitative separations; they spend much time in searching text-books, and do not always choose their methods wisely.) ORGANICCHEMISTRY.-~Theoretica~-Less than half of the Candidates satisfied the Examiners in this part of the examination. The weaker candidates had forgotten much of the theoretical knowledge they had gained in their College courses. They also did not see the relevancy of their theoretical knowledge to their daily work in industry. Practical-The practical exercises seemed, on the whole, to be within the scope of the candidates.One error, however, deserves mention. Most of the candidates who were given a mixture containing isopropyl alcohol returned this liquid as ethyl alcohol. Only one candidate oxidised the alcohol syste- matically and identified the resulting acetone. EXAMINATION THE FELLows€iIP.-In the examination FOR for the Fellowship in Branch E, the Chemistry (including Micro- scopy) of Food and Drugs and of Water, some of the candidates were thoroughly well acquainted with the subject, but others were inexperienced, and showed evidence of having been insufficiently trained. These latter showed a lack of knowledge of the optical principles of the instruments which they used, a very meagre knowledge of microscopical work, general weakness in accuracy of analysis, and insufficient experience of the drafting of Certifi- cates under the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts.PASS LIST. SEPTEMBER-OCTOBEREXAMINATIONS. Examination for the Associateship in General Chemistry. Allison, Cowan, Technical College, Paisley. Dixon, Frederick, The University, Leeds. Gillam, Albert Edward Maxwell George, Central Technical School, Liverpool. Palmer, Herbert John, Sir John Cass Technical Institute, and King’s College, London. Pollard, Robert, College of Technology, Manchcster. Reid, John Wardlaw, Chelsea Polytechnic. Robinson, Adeline Joan, University College, London. Savage, Ronald Henry Maxwell, The University, Cambridge. Tarbert, David John, trained under G. E. Johnson, Esq., F.I.C., at the Municipal Technical School, Hull.Tayar, Robert Alfred Victor, Municipal Technical School, Birmingham. Thomas, Edward Boaden, Birkbeck College. Todd, James Ross, Heriot-Watt College, Edinburgh, and Northern Polytechnic Institute, London. In Fuel Technology, with special reference to Low Temperature Curbonisution. Muddiman, Ernest Walter. EXAMINATION THE FELLOWSHIP.FOR In Brunch A :Inorganic Chemistry, Section I, Mineral Products. Rogers, Cecil William. In Brunch C : Organic Chemistry. Nisbet, Hugh Bryan. In Branch E : The Chemistry (including Microscopy) of Food and Drugs and of Wuter. Butler, John. Roberts, Muriel. Snelus, Suzanne Mabel Lavinia. 1% Brunch P : Biochemistry, with special reference to Vitamins. %Tokes, Frank.In, Branch H :General Analytical Chemistrg. Peace, Gordon. In Fuel Technology, with special reference to Coal and its Derivatives. Taylor, Robert Arthur Acton. The following papers and exercises were given in the Examination for the Associateship in General Chemistry. MONDAY, 20th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (FOURquestions only to be answered 1. What substances are produced when chlorine is passed (u) Into a solution of ammonia in water; (b) Into a suspension of yellow mercuric oxide in water; (c) Over dry iodine? State how you would isolate the main product of each reaction. 2. Draw up a scheme for the determination of either (u) Titanium and phosphorus in a coal ash; or (b) Ferrous and ferric iron in a mineral silicate.3. Give an account of the methods employed to find the number of molecules participating in a reaction. 4. Give an account of the methods by means of which the existence of intermetallic compounds has been established. Give three examples of such compounds. 5. Write a short essay on either (a) Nernst’s heat theorem; OT (b) The application of organic compounds to inorganic separations, for the purpose of analysis and for the preparation of pure salts. 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. (FOURquestions only to be unswered.) 1. The following data are given by Kruss from analysis of auric chloride and potassium auribromide : 3AgCl:Au = 100 :45.824. KAuBr,:Au = 100:35-461. Give the methods by which the analyses wcre (or might have been) carried out, and deduce the values for the atomic weight of gold. Assume the following atomic weights in your calculations : Silver, 107.880. Chlorine, 35.457.Bromine, 79.916. Potassium, 39-10. 2. State the chief sources of silver, and describe the methods by which the metal is obtained. Give the more irnportant uses of the motal and it’s salts, and describe how you would prepare from the commercial metal a specimen of silver of atomic weight purity. 3. By warming a mixture of potassium chlorate, arsenious acid and dilute nitric acid an explosive gas is obtained which was at one time described as CIAO3,but is now regarded as a mixture of chlorine and chlorine peroxide. Give the evidcncc for and against these two views. 4.State Ostwald’s dilution law, and give the assumptions involved 6. Write a short essay on in its proof. Discuss the exceptions to this law. either (u) Beryllium, its history, sources, production and properties. or (b) The determination of the true transport number of the ions. 224 TUESDAY, 21st SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. 1. Describe processes for the preparation of organic amides and for the conversion of these amides into primary amines. Give ONE exampleof an industrial application of these reactions. 2. The products of reaction are largely determined by the conditions of interaction. Illustrate this statement by reference to the following chemical changes :-(a) Ethyl alcohol and sulphuric acid. (b) Glycerol and oxalic acid.(c) Toluene and chlorine. 3. Describe the preparation of an aldose containing six carbon atoms starting from the natural sources. How is this aldohexose converted into (a) an aldose containing one additional carbon atom; (b) a ketose containing the same number of carbon atoms; (c) an aldose containing one carbon atom less? 4. Select any ONE of the purine bases and show how its constitutional formula has been demonstrated. 5. Write an essay of not less than 600 words on ONE of tho following subjects :-(a) Manufacture of organic substances by processes of fermen- tation. (b) Methods of determining the molecular weights of organiccompounds. PRACTICAL. WEDNESDAY, 22nd SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m.to 4.30 p.m. Report on the nature of the organic substance A. Having identified the elements in this substance submit to the Examiners a method for the quantitative estimation of one of these constituents. (A’: thiourea with a little allylthiourea ; A”: allylt,hiourea with a little thiourea.) (This estimation may be completed to-morrow.) THURSDAY, 23rd SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Solution B contains an organic substance dissolved in an organic solvent. Identify the two constituents of the solution. Determine the amount of dissolved solid, expressing your result in grams per litre. (B’: resorcinol dissolved in isopropyl alcohol; B”: quinol dissolved in normal propyl alcohol.) PRIDAY, 24th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.?~ Determine the lead and tin in the sample of foil C.One of the metals is to be determined by two independent methods. (This exercise may be completed to-morrow.) SATURDAY, 25th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 4.30 p.m. Report on the nature of the substance D. (Pitchblende.) Examinations for the Fellowship. Branch A.-Inorganic Chemistry. Section I Mineral Products. PRACTICALONLY. TUESDAY, 28th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m lo 5 p.m. Identify the solid A and determine the main constituents. (Cobaltaluminate and cobalt phosphate.) (This exercise may be completed to-morrow.) WEDNESDAY, 29th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Make a qualitative and quantitative examination of the liquid B and the solid C. (B: Beryllium nitrate solution.C: Aluminium ammonium fluoride. ) (These exercises may be completed during the next two clays.) THURSDAY, 30th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. Identify D and determine the mttin constituents. (Wolfram.) (Thisexercise may be completed to-morrow.) FRIDAY, 1st OCTOBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 5 pm. Proceed with the work of the second and third days. Branch C.-Organic Chemistry. THREEDAYS’ PRACTICAL WORK-SPECIAL. TUESDAY to THURSDAY, 28th to 30th SEPTEE=MBER,1926: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. each day. 1. Make a complete examination of the pure organic substance A, and prepare from it two derivatives (about 10 grams each). (Benzyl-phenylacetate .) 2. Write a report on the Dye B, and from it prepare specimens of the “intermediates” from which it was obtained.(Helianthine.) Branch E.-The Chemistry (includin2 Microscopy) of Foods and Drugs, and of Water. MONDAY, 27th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. 1. State the optical principles on which the construction of the 2. Give the formula and method of preparation of phenylhydrazine. refractometer is based. Give examples of its use as an analytical reagent. 3. Discuss critically the addition of “improvers” to wheat flour. (Answer in a separate notebook.) 1. Enumerate the official preparations of Digitalis Folia, giving the medicinal dose of each. Discuss the therapeutic employment of digitalis and mention other drugs which resemble it in action. 226 2. Describe the symptoms which are associated with acute and chronic poisoning by lead.State how you would detect and estimate the small amounts of metal which may be present in the excreta of a worker in a white lead factory. 3. Writs a short essay on the use of the microscope in the practice of an analytical chemist. 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. 1. A shallow well water yielded on analysis the undermentioned figures :-Parts per 100,000. Total solid matter .. .. . . 37.10 Oxygen required 1 in 15 minutes . . 0.036 to oxidise j in 3 hours .. 0.064 Ammonia .. .. .. .. 0.009 Ammonia from organic matter by distillation with alkaline perman- ganate .. .. .. ., 0.006 Nitrogen-as nitrates .. .. 0.37 Nitrogen-as nitrites .. .. Traces Combined chlorine .. .. .. 2.90 Discuss its suitability for human consumption.Assuming it to be the only available supply, what, if any, treatment would you advise before its consumption ? 2. Outline a scheme for the estimation of the sugars in a jamcontaining glucose. 3. Brie& describe Stas’ method for the extraction of alkaloids. Explain what is meant by the “Co-efficient of Distribution” in relation to the removal of an organic substance from one solvent to another. 4. State the provisions in the Sale of Food and Drugs Acts affecting the composition and sale of butter and margarine. 5. What impurities are liable to be present in the following manu- factured commodities :-Glucose, baking powders, acetic acid, tinned foods, and magnesia. State what you would regard as safe limits for these impurities. PRACTICAL.TUESDAY, 28th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. The sample A is submitted to you as a sample of lard. Analyse it and report upon its composition. (Lard with beef stearin and cotton seed oil.) (This exercise my be completed to-morrow.) WEDhTESDAY, 29th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1. Continue the analysis of the sample of lard. 2. Identify by micro-chemical methods the ingredients in the 3. Examine the specimens C, D, E, F and G microscopically. Make specimen B. (Canvas coated with paint.) rough drawings of and name the diagnostic structures in each. (C: Un-decorticated liquorice root with olive stones; D: cocoa husk; E: a linseed meal residue conhining castor seed; F :precipitated sulphur with calcium sulphate; G: jalap.) THURSDAY] 30th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m.to 5 pm. Analyse the three preparations HI J and K, and state whether or not they comply with the requirements of the British Pharmacopceia :-H. Tinctura nucis vomicae. J. Seidlitz powders. K. Unguentum zinci. FRIDAY, 1st OCTOBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. 1. Analyse qualitatively the powder L, which is a mixture of two substances only. (Tartar emetic and lithium citrate.) 2. Idantify the sugar M. (Dextrose; maltose; lactose.) 3. A sample of milk on analysis yielded the following results:- Per cent. Per cent. Fat .. .. .. 2.70 Ash .. .. .. 0.74 Non-fatty solids . . 7.65 Nitrogen .. .. 0.36 Write an official certificate for it on the form provided. SATURDAY] 2nd OCTOBER, 1926: 10 a.m.to 1 p.m. 1. The medicinal mixture A should, according to prescription,contain 10 grains of sodium salicylate and 1 dram of syrup to the ounce. Determine whether it has been correctly dispensed in respect of the salicylate. 2. The preparation B was sold by a herbalist as a “Heart powder.” Examine it microscopically and state what you can as to its probable nature. Make drawings of any recognisa.ble structures. 3. Examine microscopically the urinary deposit C and report upon its nature. Eranch F.-Biological Chemistry, with special reference to Vitamins. MONDAY, 20th SEPTEMBBR, 1926: 10 am. to 1 p.m. (Only FOUR questions to be answered.) 1. Give an account of the chemistry of the nucleoproteins. 2. What compounds of carbohydrates with phosphoric acid have been found in the animal body? Discuss their importance.3. What is glutathione, and what is its importance in the oxidative processes of the cell? 4. Describe a method whereby the oxygen consumption of a, surviving tissue may be obtained. What is the value of such measurements? 5. What is known of the mode of breakdown of fatty acids in the animal body? Give evidence in support of your statements. 6. Describe the chemical processes which are believed to occur in the fermentation of glucose by yeast,, and give the evidence on which your statements are based. 228 MONDAY, 20th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 2 p.m. to 5 p.m. (Only FOUR questions to be answered.) 1. Describe in detail how you would compare the antirachitic potency of two samples of cod liver oil.2. Discuss the relation between irradiation of animals by ultraviolet light and the action of vitamins. 3. What evidence do we possess regarding the nature of vitamin A, and how has it been obtained? 4. Discuss what is known regarding the general mode of action of vitamins in nutrition. 5. What methods, apart from animal experiment, have been brought forward for the detection and estimation of vitamins ? TUESDAY and WEDNESDAY, 21st and 22nd SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. each day. Identify the digestive enzyme in solution A. Determine (1) the limits of P, between which it acts, (2)the optimum P, for its action, and (3) the effect of heat upon it at three different P, values.THURSDAY and If’RIDAY, 23rd and 24th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 5 p.m. each day. 1. 13 is a two per cent. solution of an amino acid. Identify it and prepare a crystalline derivative. 2. Estimate the total fatty acids and cholesterol in the animal tissue provided and determine the iodino valuc of the mixcd fatty acids. Fuel Technology. FRIDAY, 1st OCTOBER, 1926: 10 a.m. to 1 p.m. (Not more than THREE questions rnust be answered from ench Purt.) PARTI. 1. I~iscuss the thermal conductivity of a gas and describe means for its experimental determination. 2. Give a general description of the manner of propagation of flame in homogeneous gaseous mixtures and discuss in particular the incidence of t’he detonation-wave. 3.What is Stefan’s law ? Explain how formulz deduced from this 4. Outline the more important views that have been expressed law have been used to determine the temperature of hot bodies. regarding the phenomena of “catalysis.” PART11. 1. Describe a8ny one commercial system of refrigeration. 2. Describe the principal processes of manufacture of hydrogen for commercial use. Iliscuss the importance of a cheap source of hydrogen in connection with the synthesis of liquid fuel. 229 3. What is the effect on the refractoriness of a fireclay of the presence of small quantities of (a)lime, (b)iron pyrites, and (c) felspar? How are these effects influenced by the presence of free quartz in the fireclay? 4. To what use is isopropyl alcohol put in industry, and how is it best prepared on a large scale? 2 p.m.to 5 p.m. (Not more than SIX questions must be answered.) 1. What general considerations would prompt you to employ the “room and pillar” method of developing tho workings of a coal seam in preference to the “longwall” ? 2. In what ways has work on (a)the extraction of coal by solvents and (b)its destructive distillation, assisted towards our prescnt knowledge of the constitution of coal ? 3. Enumerate, with brief descriptions, all the suggested methods with which you are acquainted for the production of liquid fuel for internal combustion engines from coal. From your knowledge of the results so far obtained by the various methods, discuss their prospects of commercial success.4. Explain fully what considerations would lead you to advise the installation of pulverised fuel firkg in preference to chain-grate stokers for a municipal power plant. 5. “The coking power of coal depends essentially on the resinic constituents that it contains.” Discuss this st,atement in the light of modern researches on the subject. 6. Outline the principles upon which the washing of coal depends. 7. Draw up a scheme for preparing the product of a poor seam of coal (friable and of high ash-content) for the market, with particular reference to the utilisation of fines. 8. Motor benzol can be extracted from coke-oven gas at a cost of 9d. per gallon, and can be sold for Is. 9d. per gallon. Under what condi- tions would you advise a manager of a gas-works (town’s gas) to practise benzol recovery.PRACTICAL. MONDAY to THURSDAY, 27th to 30th SEPTEMBER, 1926: 10 u.m. to 5 p.m. each day. 1. Ascertain in what proportions the given samples of anthracite A and bituminous coal B should be mixed in order to produce the strongest coke when carbonised at a temperature of 900” C. 2. From your examination of the sample of oil supplied, report as to its probable source. 3. Determine the calorific value of the sample of coal C in the two forms of calorimeter supplied. In reporting the results of your determi- nation, state which you regard as the more reliable, and why. 230 Obituary. LEONARDCARPENTER died at Buxton Cottage Hospital, after an operation, on 1st October, in his 33rd year.He was the youngest son of the late William Carpenter, J.P., of Southgate, and was educated at University College, London, graduating as B.Sc. with Honours in Chemistry in 1914. He served in the Army from November of that year until August, 1916, and was then transferred as works and research chemist to Gray’s Chemical Works until April, 1918, when he was recalled to the colours until the end of the war. Early in 1920 he obtained an appoint- ment as chemist and manager with the East Anglian Chcmical Co. at Sutton Bridge, Lincolnshire, and in 1924 joined the Derbyshire Silica Firebrick Co. at Buxton, with whom he was engaged as chemical engineer at the time of his death. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1919.ARNOLDWILLIAMGREGORYdied-on 25th August in his 42nd year. He was educated at Derby Technical College, and after studying for a, further year at the Royal College of Scicnce graduated as B.Sc. with Honours in the University of London in 1908. In 1905-6 he was assistant chemist for nearly a year with the Frodingham Iron & Steel Co., and then for over two years head chemist with the Appleby Iron Co., Scun- thorpe. From 1910 he was engaged in private practice as an analytical and consulting chemist and metallurgist in London. He published several papers in the Journal of the Chemical Society and the Chcmical News on methods of analysis, and was the inventor of processes for the separation of iron from metallic salts, the production of pig iron from scrap, the recovery of tin from tin-plate and of improvements in the recovery of tin compounds.He was also engaged in connection with the manufacture of important substances for war purposes, and went to America in 1918 to demonstrate his processes there. He was elected an Associate of the Institute in 1919. WILLIAM SPILLER died at Lindfield Gardens, Hampstead, on 12th October, aged 90 years.He was a Student at the Royal College of Chemistry in 1851 and 1852, and was chemist with Messrs. Simpson Made & Nicholson at Locksfields, Tf7andsworth, before he was transierred to their aniline dye works at Hackney Wick. In 1868 the factory was taken over by Messrs. Brooke, Simpson & Spiller, in which he was a partner, and the business was subsequently incorporated wit,h that of Messrs.Perkin & Sons, of Greenford Green. Mr. Spiller introduced “Spiller’s purplc,” and is credited with several improvements in the manufacture of coal-tar products.He was elected a Fellow of the Institute in 1878, and served as a Member of Council from 1893 to 1896. 231 Books and their Contents. The following books have been presented by the authors or publishers, and may be seen in the Library of the Institute:- “Chemistry in the World’s Work.’’ H. E. Howe. Pp. vii. +q4. (London: Chapman & Hall, Ltd.) 15s. A work designed for those not technically trained, to emphasise the part which chemistry has played in the attainment of the present level of civilisation.“Organic Chemistry, Theoretical.” Part I. F. Arnall and F. W. Hodges. Pp. xi. + 372. (London: J. & A. Churchill.) 10s. 6d. A text-book for the use of students for chemical and pharmaceutical examinations and for the B.Sc. degree. “Organic and Biochemistry, Practical.” R. H. A. Ylimmer. New Edition. Pp. x. + 568. (London: Longmans, Green & Co., Ltd.) LI IS. od. A comprehensive text-book and practical handbook of organic chemistry as the basis of physiological chemistry. “Problems in Chemistry, Classified.” D. B. Briggs. Pp. viii. + 152. (London: Sidgwick & Jackson.) 3s. Gd. A collection for students working for examinations buch as The Higher Certificate, The School Certificate, Oxford and Cambridge Locals, The London Matriculation, and other examinations of the same order.“Volume Alterations on and in Solution.’’ F. L. Teed. Pp. x. + 62. (London: H. K. Lewis & Co., Ltd.) 3s. 6d. A monograph divided into three sections : (1) A method for ascertainingthe volumes of the constituents of a mixture, after mixture; (2) a method for ascertaining the rate of expansion by heat of the con-stituents of a mixture, after mixture; (3) a suggested working hypothesis to explain certain abnormal specific heats of alcohol mixtures. “Zinc Oxide.” History, Manufacture and Properties as a Pigment. D. B. Faloon. Pp. x. + 145. (London: Con- stable & Co., Ltd.) 12s. Location and supply of zinc ores; technical study of the chemical and physical characteristics of zinc as a pigment ; French and American processes of manufacture ; physical and analytical testing methods ; Government specifications.232 The Register. At the meeting of Council held on 22nd October, 1926, 10 new Fellows were elected, 5 Associates were elected to the Fellowship, 87 new Associates were elected, and 28 Students were admitted. The Institute has lost z Fellows and 2 Associates by death. New Fellows. Lloyd, Percy Vivian, 6, Woodlands Terrace, Swansea. Pearse, Leonard Edward Beard, A.R.S.M., 1, Elers Road, Ealing,London, W.13. Taylor, George, c/o Frigorifico Anglo, Campana, F.C.C.A., Buenos Aires. New Fellows (by Examination). Butler, John, B.Sc.(Liv.), 5, Wellesley Terrace, Prince’s Park, Liverpool.Nisbet, Hugh Bryan, B.Sc.(Edin.), 3, Maurice Place, Edinburgh. Peace, Gordon, Agricultural Gardens, Nawabgunj , Cawnpore, India. Roberts, Miss Muriel, B.Sc.(Liv.), 36, The Judges Drive, Newsham Park, Liverpool.Rogers, Cecil William, B.Sc.(Lond.), 179, Watling Street Road, Fulwood, Preston. Taylor, Robert Arthur Acton, M.Sc.(Lond.), A.R.C.S., 24, Tredown Road, Sydenham, London, S.E.26. Wokes, Frank, B.Sc.(Liv.), Grassendale, Liverpool. Associates elected to the Fellowship, Carter, Sydney Raymond, M.Sc.(Birm.), Chemistry Department, The University, Edgbaston, Birmingham. Hay, Neil Thomson, A.R.T.C., c/o Dunlop North British Rubber Shoe Co., Pty., Ltd., 108, Flinders Street, Melbourne, Australia. Mitchell, Alee Duncan, D.Sc.(Lond.), 38, Beehive Lane, Ilford.Rhead, Thomas Fred Eric, M.Sc.(Rlanc.), 10, Malvern Road, Acocks Green, Birmingham. Weighell, Arthur, No. 1, Bungalow, Lakheri, R.S., B.B. 85 C.I. Ry., India. New Associates (by Examination). Allison, Cowan, 106, Neilston Road, Paisley. Dixon, Frederick, B.Sc. (Leeds), 10, Victoria Street, Wolverhampton. Gillam, Albert Edward Maxwell George, 2, Lear Road, Old Swan, Liver- pool.Palmer, Herbert John, 41, Newcastle Street, Cubitt Town, London, E.14. Pollard, Robert, A.M.C.T., Highbury, Vale Road, Whitby, nr. Birkenhead. 233 Reid, John Wardlaw, 96, Howson Road, Brockley, London, S.E.4. Robinson, Adeline Joan, B.Sc. (Lond.), Nether Hall, Widford, Herts. Savage, Ronald Henry Maxwell, B.A. (Cantab.), 16, Elm Park Road, London, N.21.Tarbert, David John, B.Sc. (Lond.), 48, Margaret Street, Hull. Tayar, Robert Alfred Victor, 265, Gillott Road, Edgbaston, Birmingham, Thomas, Edward Boaden, B.Sc. (Lond.),2, Henstridge Villas, St. John’s Q700d, London, N.W.8. Todd, James Ross, B.Sc. (Lond.), 21, Woodland Road, Stoke Newingtoii, London, N.16. Muddiman, Ernest Walter, 45, Grantham Road, Jesmond, Newcastle-on- Tyne. New Associate (elected after Oral Examination). Meyer, Percy, B.Sc. (Lond.), 200, McLeod Road, Abbey Wood, London, S.E.2. New Associates elected after Oral Examination under clause “c”of regulations (fi. 14.) Barker, Francis George, Admiralty Inspection Laboratories, Janson Street, Sheffield. Blyth, William, 20, Francis Road, Ashford, Kent.McConnell, Francis John, H.M. Building Research Station, Long Drive, East Acton, London, W.3. Tofts, Crozier Fullerton, Chief Mechanical Engineer’s Office, Parel, Bombay.Woodrow, Walter Ambrose, 10, Clarence Road, Manor Park, London, E.12. New Associates (elected without Examination). Anderson, Miss Muriel Blanche, B.Sc. (Glas.), 8, Mariscat Road,Pollok- shields, Glasgow, S.1. Bacon, Eric Sidney, B.Sc. (Lond.), 78, South Street, Ponders End, Middx. Bayley, Dudley Perrin, A.R.S.M., B.Sc. (Lond.), Oban, Greenbank Road, Latchford W., Warrington. Beeching, Miss Ethel Irene, M.Sc. (Lond.), 12, Eastmearn Road, Dulwich, London, S.E.21. Benigan, John Menzies St’ewart, B.Sc. (Edin.), 24, Meadowbank Terrace, Edinburgh.Bevan, Miss Lilian Collier, M.Sc.(Wales), 3, Oxford Street, Barry, Glam. Booth, James, B.Sc. (Aberd.), 174, Mid Stocket Road, Aberdeen. Bowyer, Cyril Herbert, B.Sc. (Lond.), 84, Hargwyne Street, London, S.W.9. ,Butterworth, Samuel Walter, B.Sc.Tech. (Mane.), A.M.C.T., 3, WoodgateAvenue, Bamford, Rochdale, Lanes. Cholmeley, Miss Eveline Claire, A.R.C.S., Rahere, Milford-on-Sea, Hants. Clay, Charles Nightingale, B.Sc. (Lond.), Winnington Hall, Northwich, Cheshire. Cockcroft, James Philip, M.Sc. (Mane.), Birks House, Walsden, Todmorden. Compton, lcliss Margaret Kathleen, B.Sc. (Lond.), 7, Honywood Road, Colchester. Conncl, John Arthur, B.Sc. (Edin.), Braeside, Burntisland, Fife. Davies, Drury Norman, B.Sc. (Birm.), Mowbray House, Worcester Road, Redditch.Dollery, Cyril Robert, B.A. (Oxon), 67, Wantage Road, Reading. 234 Dolton, Robert Hugh, A.C.G.F.C., 82, Wormholt Road, London, JV.12. Donnelly, James Thomas, A.R.C.Sc.I., 30, Finglas Road, Glasnevin, Dublin. Drummond, Robert McMaster, B.Sc. (Glas.), 1, Rosemount Terrace, Ibrox, Glasgow. Edwards, Owen Kempster, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., 6, Dacre Park, Lee, London, S.E.13. Evans, Richard Evan, M.Sc. (Wales), Glanrafon Farm, Llawrybettws, Corwen, Merionethshire. Gerrard, William, B.Sc. (Lond.), 31, South Side, Clapham Common, London, S.W.4. Gordon, James Gray, B.Sc. (Aberd.), 50, West Church Street, Buckie. Hammond, Roy Albert Frederick, B.Sc. (Lond.), A.R.C.S., 52, Bloomfield Road, Plumstead, London, S.E. 18.Hardy, Douglas Vernon Nclmar, B.Sc. (Lond.), 12, Holyrood Avenue, Highfield, Southampton. Harrison, Philip William Benson, B.Sc. (Lond.), 86, Crouch Hill, Hornsey, London, N.8. Hill, Ronald Alfred, B.Sc. (Birm.), 29, Prospcct Hill, Redditch. Hourigan, Harry Francis, B.Sc. (Liv.), 41, Alired Road, Sparkhill,Birmingham.Hugh, Wilfred Eynon, B.Sc. (Wales), 4, Upper Frog Street, Tenby, Pcm. Humphreys, Robert William, M.Sc. (Wales), West End P.O., Pwllheli, N. Wales. Hutchinson, Christopher West, B.Sc. (Bris.), Yafflcsmcad, Kingsley Green, Haslemere, Surrey. Johnson, Michael Roscoe, B.Sc., Ph.D. (Liv.), Brooklands, Church Stretton, Salop.Jones, David James, B.Sc. (Wales), 3, Emlyn Villas, Aberarad, Newcastle Emlyn, South Wales. Jones, Frederick Elston, B.Sc.(Wales), 17, Queen’s Road, Abcrystwyth. Jones, Wilfred Edmondson, 13.S~.(Mane.), 4, API-y-Gztrth, Caernarvon. Lennox, John Gordon, Rose Bank, Dunnikier Road, Kirkcaldy, Fife. Lloyd, Thomas Newton, B.Sc. (Edin.), 197, Newhaven Road, Leith. MacGillivray, William Eoghan, B.Sc. (Edin.), 19, Douglas Crescent, Edinburgh.Mackie, Alexander, B.Sc. (Edin.), c/o Mrs. Brown, 125, Trinity Road, Leith. Morris, Richard William, A.C.G.F.C., 21, Montserrat Road, Putney, London, S.W.15. RiIcCullagh, Douglas Roy, B.A., M.Sc. (Manitoba), Department of Bio-chemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada. Orton, Eric Charles, B.Sc. (W.A.), Epsom Avenue, Relrhont Park, Western Australia. Pakes, Reginald Charles, B.Sc. (Lond.), 97, Hammcrsmith Road, West Kensington, London, W.14.Peerce, Arthur Hugh, B.Sc. (Lond.), Chelsea Polytechnic, Manresa Road, Chelsea, London, S.W.3. Quin, James Paterson, B.Sc. (Edin.), 2, Moston Terrace, Edinburgh. Raybould, William Edward, B.Sc. (Birm.), 32, Station Street, Sutton Coldfield. Redpath, Gilbert, M.Sc. (Leeds), 29, Travis Street, Bricllington. Ricketts, Harold Neil, A.C.G.F.C., B.Sc. (Lond.), 157, Rushmore Road, Clapton, London, E.5. Rowland, William Weir, B.Sc. (Edin.), 10, Wardie Avenue, Edinburgh. Rowlands, Clifford Baden, M.Sc. (Wales), Menevia, Cefn Road, Blackwood, Mon. 235 Rumbold, John Storrow, B.Sc. (Lond.), 48, Wiverton Road, Sherwood Rise, Nottingh am. Sadler, Miss Eileen Sybella, M.Sc.(Liv.), 2, Dovedale Road, Wallasey, Cheshire. Samuel, Joseph, B.Sc. (Manc.), 1, Smedley Lane, Cheethem, Manchester. Sastry, Balajapalli Dwarakanatha, Oficiating Chemical Examiner, Agra, U.P. India. Saxby, Derrick John, A.C.G.F.C., 31, Cliftonville Avenue, Margate. Scarlett, Claude Alexander, B.Sc. (Lond.), 5, Market Street, Dover, Kent. Seath, Tiilliam Henry, A.C.G.F.C., Park Farm, Folkestone Kent. Sim, Arthur Henri, B.Sc., B.Sc.Agric. (Aberd.), Pressendye, Milltimber, Aberdccnshire. Soar, Reginald Herbert, B.Sc. (Lond.), Colin Deep, Bromley Common, Kent. Spears, Thomas James, B.Sc. (Lond.), 39, Morden Road, Stechford, Birmingham. Stark, Allan Ramsay, B.Sc. (Glas.),61, St. Vincent Crescent, Glasgow, C.3. Steenkamp, Johannes Lodewikus, M.Sc.(Stellenbo sch), Lincoln College, Oxford. Stothart, Sydney Norman Herbert, B.Sc. (Liv.), 15, Gannock Street, Edge Lane, Liverpool. Ure, John, B.Sc. (Edin.), 39, ~lcDonalc1 Road, Edinburgh. Urry, William Donald, B.Sc. (Walcs),69, Kimberley Road, Roath, Cardiff. MWiams, Ralph, B.Sc. (Lond.), 15, St. Vincent Road, Newport, Mon. Winterbottom, Arthur Baker, R.Sc.Tech. (Mane.), 38, Parlifield Road, New Moston, Failsworth, Manchester. Yeaman, James Ferguson, B.Sc. (Glas.), 8, Apsley Street, Partick, Glasgow. New Students. Bagg, Douglas Gordon, 34, Granville Road, Finchley, London, N. 12. Cadwallader, Wilfred Donald, 20, Upper Grosvenor Road, Handsworth, Birmingham.Caws, Alfred, 116, Comiston Road, Edinburgh. Cole, Louis Caul, 122, Poplar Avenuc, Edgbaston, Birmingham.Cooper, Norman Eric, 31, Nicholls Street, West Bromwich, Staffs. Cowpe, William, Rimington, Clarcndon Road, Ashford, Middx. Crawford, Robert Craig, 10, George Street, Stevenston, Ayrshire. Currie, Alexander Monteith, 29, Ardeor Cottages, Stevenston, Ayrshire Dixon, Miss Edith May, Wcllington Street, Alvcrthorpe, Wakefield, Yorks. Fenner, Joseph, 7, Cobham Avenue, Aintree, Livcrpool. Ferguson, George T'C'illiam, 24, Gorringe Park Avcnuc, Rlitcham, Surrey. Gilson, George Richard, c/o 16, Durham Street, €1~11. Green, William Douglas, 2, Slaithwaite Road, Lewisham, London, S.E.13. Grcig, Thomas Russell, 173, Glasgow Street, Ardrossan, Ayrshire. Hollister, Alee Headley, 55, Manor Road, Brocklay, London, S.E.4.Houghton, Gilbert Underwood, 59, Beechhill Road, Eltham, London, S.E.9. Lloyd, Douglas Howard, 364, Dudley Road, Rotton Park, Birmingham. Morrison, Robert Edward, c/o Clayton, 14, Edgeley Road, Clapham, London, S.W. McIntyre, Joseph, 44, Ardoch Crescent, Stevenston, Ayrshire. Pilling, James, 79, Long Lane, Dalton, Huddersfield. Robinson, John George, Meadowlands, Uttoxeter Road, Mickleover, Derby.Sergeant, Stanley Victor, 21, Walter Street, Stepney, London, E.l. Shackleton, Leslie Robert Burgess, 135, Fawnbrake Avenue, Heme Hill, London, S.E.24. 236 Sully, Bernard Thomas Dudley, 10, Old Town, Clapham Common, London, S.W.4. Walters, John Alan, 77, Ritherdon Road, Balham, London, 5.11.17. White, John Henry, “ Frampton,” Pembury, Kent.Williams, Edgar Percival Gamon, 231, Park Road, Cwmpark, Rhondcla , Glam . Wilson, Mathhew Sillars, Cessnock, Mill Road, Irvine, Ayr. DEATHS. Fellows. Alfred Mica Smith. William Spiller. Associates. Leonard Carpenter, B.Sc. Arnold William Gregory, B.Sc. 237 General Notices. Streatfeild Memorial Lecture.-The Ninth Annual STREATFEILD will be delivered by Mr. F. C.MEhloRIAL LECTURE Robinson at THE INSTITUTE OF CHEMISTRY, 30, Russell Square, THE I~TH NOVEMBER,London, W.C.1, on FRIDAY, 1926, AT 8 P.M.; subject, The Chemist in the Non-Ferrous A4etnllwgical Rejnery ; Professor G. G. Henderson, D.Sc., F.R.S., President of the Institute, in the chair. The Lecture is open to all Fellows, Associates and Registered Students.Tickets of admission (gratis) are obtainable by other persons on application to the Registrar, Institute of Chemistry, 30, Russell Square, London, W.C. I. M eI doIa Med al.-The Meldola Medal is awarded annually to the chemist whose published chemical work shows the most promise and is brought to the notice of the administrators during the year ending 31st December prior to the award; without restricting the award to any particular branch of chemical work, the administrators have primary regard to work bearing on analytical chemistry. The recipient must be a British subject not more than 30 years of age at the time of the completion of the work; but until 1928 the award may be made to candidates who at the time of the completion of the work are more than 30 years of age, provided that the age of the recipient does not exceed 30 by more than the period during which the recipient was engaged on active naval, military or air service.The Medal may not be awarded more than once to the same person. The Council will be glad to have attention directed (before 1st January, 1927) to work of the character indicated. The award for the year 1926 will be made in January, 1927. 238 Sir George Beilby Memorial.-The Joint Committee of Officers and representatives of the Institute of Chemistry, the Institute of Metals, and the Society of Chemical Industry will be glad to receive further contributions towards the fund for the establishment of a memorial to the late Sir George Beilby, towards which a sum of E3000 has already been subscribed.From the income of the Fund, at intervals to be determined by the administrators, awards will be made to mark appreciation of records of distinguished work in science, bearing in mind the special interests of Sir George Beilby, viz., applied chemistry, chemical engineering, and metallurgy. The proposal does not imply an award on the result of a competition for work on a set theme or the solution of a definite scientific problem, but the recognition of work of exceptional merit. Contributions may be addressed to the Hon. Secretaries, Beilby Memorial Fund, 30, Russell Square, London, W.C.I. Examinations in 1927.--The arrangements for examina- tions during 1927 are as follows:- Dates of Exams.Entries close. 3rd to 8th Jan. Monday, 15th Nov., 1926. or 10th to 15th Jan. 25th to 30th April. Monday, qih Feh., 1927. or 2nd to 7th May. 19th to 24th Sept. Monday, 18th July, 1927. or 26th Sept. to 1st Oct. Candidates for the Associateship will be examined in January, April and September, and candidates for the Fellowship in April and September. Notice to Associates.-Associates elected prior to October, 1923, who have been continuously engaged in the study and practical applications of chemistry for at least three years since their election to the Associateship, can obtain from the Registrar particulars of the Regulations for admission to the Fellowship. 239 Appointments Register.-A Register of Fellows and Associates of the Institute of Chemistry who are available for appointments is kept at the Offices of the Institute.For full information, inquiries should be addressed to the Registrar. Fellows and Associates are invited to notify the Institute of suitable vacancies for qualified chemists. Students who have been registered as Students of the Institute for not less than six months and are in the last term of their college course may receive the Appointments Register of the Institute on the same terms as Fellows and Associates, provided that their applications for this privilege be endorsed by their Professors. Lists of vacancies are forwarded twice weekly to those whose names are on the Appointments Register. Fellows and Associates who are already in employment, but seeking to improve their positions, are required to pay 10s.for a period of six months. Members and Students who are without employ- ment are required to pay 6s. 6d. for the first period of six months, and, if not successful in obtaining an appointment, will there- after be supplied with the lists gratis for a further period of six months if necessary. The Institute also maintains a Register of Laboratory Assistants who have passed approved Preliminary Examinations and, in some cases, Intermediate Science Examinations. Fellows and Associates who have vacancies for such assistants and students are invited to communicate with the Registrar. The Library.-The Library of the Institute is open for the use of Fellows, Associates, and Registered Students between the hours of 10a.m.and 6 p.m. on week-days (Saturdays, 10a.m. and I p.m.), except when examinations are being held. The library consists of books which are likely to be required by candidates during the Institute’s practical examinations. The comprehensive Library of the Chemical Society is avail- able, by the courtesy of the Council of the Society, for the use of Fellows and Associates of the Institute wishing to consult or borrow books, from 10a.m. to g p.m. on week-days (Saturdays from 10a.m. to 5 p.m.1. 240 Registered Students of the Institute are also permitted for the present year to use the Library of the Chemical Society for reference purposes, but.not to borrow books. Members and Students of the Tnstitute using the library of the Society are required to conform to the rules of the Society regarding the use of its books. Covers for Journal,-Members who desire covers for binding the Journal (cost about IS. zd. each) are requested to notify the Registrar of their requirements by indicating the dates of the years for which they are desirous of binding the Jo urn a1 . Arrangements have been made with Messrs, A. W. Bain & Co., Ltd., 17-19, Bishop’s Road, Cambridge Heath, London, E.2, to bind volumes of the JOURNAL AND PROCEEDINGStheon following terms :-Buckram case, IS. 2d. ; binding, 2s. 9d. ; postage and packing, gd.; in all, 4s. 8d. Lantern SI ides for Lectu res-Fellows and Associates are invited to co-operate in forming a collection of slides, to 5e kept at the Institute and placed at the disposal of members who wish to give lectures, or, alternatively to notify the Registrar if they are prepared to lend slides for this purpose.The collection includes a large number of portraits and pictures of alchemists and chemists, which are especially useful to members lecturing on various phases of the history of chemistry. Changes of Address,-In view of the expense involved, through frequent alterations of addressograph plates, etc., Fellows, Associates, and Registered Students who wish to notify changes of address are requested to give as far as possible, their permanent addresses for registration. Official Chemical Appointments : 6th Edition, 1 927.-The sixth edition of A List of Oficial Chemical Appointments is now in preparation. Corrections, and suggestions which may increase the usefulness of the List, will be welcomed. Com-munications should be addressed to the Registrar. 241 Election of District Members of Council.-Fellows and Associates are reminded that for the election of District Members of Council, nominations should be received at the office of the Institute on or before Monday, 13th December, 1926. I. In accordance with By-Law 30 (I), the following Districts were defined by the Institute in General Meeting, held on 7th March, 1921, and amended on 1st March, 1923:- Birmingham and Midlands, including thc Counties of Hereford, Salop, Stafford, Worcester, Warwick, Derby, Nottinghwm, Leicester, Lincoln, Rutland and Northampton.Bristol and South-Western Counties, including the Counties of Gloucester, Wilts, Dorset, Somerset, Devon and Cornwall. Liverpool and North-West Coast, including the Counties of Flint, Westmorland and Cumberland, and so much of the Counties of Chester and Lancaster as lies to the west of thc line drawn through the centre of the postal district of Wigan and Warrington; the towns of m7igan and Warrington and all towns on the line of which the greater portion of the postd district lies to the west of the line. The Isle of Man. London and South-gastern Counties, including the Counties of Middlesex, Kent, Sussex, Surrey, Berks, Oxford, Bucking ham, Hertford, Essex, Bedford, Cambridge, Suffolk, Norfolk, Huntingdon, Hants, with the Isle of Wight and the Channel Islands.Manchester and District, including so much of the Counties of Lancaster arid Chester as lies to the east of the line drawn through the postal districts of Wigan and Warrington as aforesaid. Korth-East Coast and Yorkshire, including the Counties of Northumberland, Durham and York. Xdinburgh and East of Scotland, including the Counties of Nairn, Elgin, Banff, Aberdeen, Kincardine, Forfar, Perth, Fife, Kinross, Clackmannan, Stirling, Linlithgow, Edinburgh, Haddington, Berwick, Peebles, Selkirk and Roxburgh. Glasgow and West of Scotland, including the Counties of Caithness, Sutherlanci, Ross and Cromarty, Inverness, Argyll, Dumbarton, Renfrew, Lanark, Ayr, Wigtown, Kirdcudbright, and Dumfries.Wales (excluding tho Count,y of Flint, see iii). The Couiity uf Monmouth. Northern Irelaid, as defined in the Coveriiinent of 11eltiiicl Act, 1920, and subsequent enactments relating thereto. Irish Free State, as defined in the Government of Ireland Act, 1920, and subsequent enactments relating thereto. The Cornmoilwealth of Australia, the Dominion of Cnriade, th Dominion of New Zealand, the Union of South Africa, thc: Empire of India, the Crown Colonies, and elsewhere abroad. 242 The Council have adopted the following Rules for the election of District Members of Council:-11. (1) Any five Members whose registered addresses are within any one District, as dehed and adopted by the Institute in General Meeting, may nominate one eligible Fellow as a candidate for election as a District Member of Council for that District, but no member shall nominate more than one such Fellow; except that the Committee of any Local Section constituted in accordance with By-Law 94 2(a) may, as such, nominate one candidate for such election, or if there be more than one Local Section in a District the Committees of all the Local Sections in that District shall sit jointly for the purpose of nominating one Candidate for such election (2) Any nomination made under these Iiules shall be delivered to the Secretary at the Offices of the Institute on or before the second Monday iiz December in the year preceding the date of election, and shall be in the following form :-“We, the undersigned, Members of the Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland, do hereby certify that A.B.,of (registered address) , a, Fellow of this Institute, is, in our estimation, a fit and proper person to be a District Member of the Council of the Institute, and we do hereby nominate him as a candidate for election as a District Member of the Council.” (3) Any such nomination may consist of several documents in like form, each signed by one or more Members.Nominations for District XI1 should be received not later than 31st August. 711. (1) On or bcfore the fifth clay of January in any year, the Council shall cause to be sent to every Member in each district in the manner prescribed by By-Law S1, a balloting list containing the names of the candidates nominated for election as District Members of Council for surli District, and the balloting list shall indicate which, if any, of the candidates has been nominated by the Committee or Committees of the Local Section or Sections in the respective District; cxccpt that in the case of District (xi;) this rule shall read as if “September” (in the year previous) were substituted for “January.” (2) Each Member desirous of voting-(u) Shall record his vote for a District Member of the Council bymaking a cross against the name of the candidate for whosc: election he desires to voto, but no Member shall vote for more than one such candidate.(6) Shall deliver or transmit his ballotiiig list in a sealed cnvcloyc, bearing on the outside the signature of the Member, arldrrssecl to thc Secretary at the office of the Institute, so that it Ix received not later than by the first post on the third Moilday in January in the year for which the election is being held.IV. (1) The envelopes containing the balloting lists shall, on the third Thursday in January in the year in which thc election is held, lm opened by two Scrutineers, not Members-of the Council, nor raiididatr~ nominated for election as District Members of the Council, who shall be nominated by the Council in Deccmbcr of the ycar prweding the election at a meeting convened specially for that purpose. 243 (2) The balloting list of any member who on the third Thursday in January is in arrear with any subscription or other sum payable byhim to the Institute under the By-Laws shall be disallowed.(3) The Scrutineers shall present their Report to the Council at a meeting on the Third Friday in January specially oonvened for that purpose. (4)The candidate receiving the greatest number of votes in each District respectively shall be elected and, in any case of an equality of votes, the Council shall decide the matter by ballot. (6) If at any time after the balloting lists have been sent to members, and before the dissolution of the Annual General Meeting, any candidate who would otherwise have been elected has died or has with- drawn his nominations or has in any way become ineligible for Membership of the Council, then the candidate having the next greatest number of votes shall be elected, or if there be no such candidate, the vacancy shall be filled as provided in Rule V.(6) "he election of District Members of Council shall be notified to members when they are served with the balloting list for the election of General Members of Council at the Annual General Meeting. V. After the fbst election any vacancy among the District Members of the Council occurring between the Annual General Meetings, owing to death, resignation, removal or otherwise, shall be filled by the election by the Committee of the Local Section, in the respective District of one eligible Fellow; or if there be more than one Local Section in the District the Committees of all the Sections therein shall hold a joint meeting for the purpose of such election.Notice convening a meeting for this purposeshall be sent by the Secretary of the Institute to all the members of the Committee or Committees of the Section or Sections concerned at least fourteen days before the date of the meeting. If there be no Local Section within a District, a casual vacancy shall be fXed by the election by the Council of one eligible Fellow from the Fellows resident in that District. If there be a casual vacancy in the case of the District Member of Council for District (xii),such vacancy shall be filled by the Council by the election of one eligible Fellow. The following Fellows are the present District Members of Council for the Districts indicated, and the names of those who are eligible for re-election are marked.* The District Members of Council for (i), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (ix) and (xi) retire in accordance with By-Law 23.(i) Birmingham andMidlands ::Cyril Alexander Frederick Hastilow, M.Sc. (ii) Bristol and South-Western Counties :Frank Southerden,* B.Sc. (iii) Liverpool and North-West Coast: Herbert John Evans, B.Sc. (iv) London and South-Eastern Counties :Ernest Mostyn Hawkins. (v) Manchester and District: Samuel Ernest Melling. (vi) North-East Coast and Yorkshim: Lewis Gordon Paul, Ph.D. 244 (vii) Edinburgh and East of Scotland: Leonard Dobbin, Ph.D. (viii) Glasgow and West of Scotland: Walter Henry Coleman." (ix) Wales and the County of Monmouthshire: Clarence Arthur Seyler, B.Sc .(x) Northern Ireland: Joseph Harold Totton,* B.A., B.Sc. (xi) Irish Free State: William Robert Fearon, M.A., Sc.D. (xii) The Overseas Dominions and elsewhere abroad : Frankland Dent,* M.Sc., Ph.D. Annual Chemical Dinner, 12th November, 1926.-Fellows and Associates of the Institute are invited to participate in the arrangements for the Annual Chemical Dinner which will be held in London at the Connaught Rooms on Friday, the 12th November, at 7 for 7.30 p.m. The Dinner will be followed by music and dancing. Tickets, 12s. 6d., not including wines, are obtainable from S. E. Can-, The Chemical Society, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London,W.I.