SummaryWe divided the endogeneous depression into two groups: Pure depression and cyclothymic depression. We observed two groups from the viewpoint of the psychosis of the family.The pure depression, which had only pure depression in the family. showed monopolar and simple symptoms. In comparison with it the cyclothymic cleprcssion, which had manic‐depressiv psychosis or cycloid psychosis (Leonhard) in the family. showed hipolar or reactive unstability in the symptoms. If a violent anxiety or stupor was observed in depressive state, we must consider the relation to the cycloid psychosis.This article is dedicated to Prof. Murakami in his honour of the tenth anniversary of the opening of his lecture at Kyoto University School of Medicine respectfull