More than 70 species of arthropods were found to feed on waterhyacinth,Eichhornia crassipes(Mart.) Solms, in South America, the United States, and India. Those that were destructive were divided into categories based on the type of damage produced, that is, (1) defoliators and external leaf feeders, represented byCornopsspp. (Orthoptera: Acrididae), and adultNeochetinaspp. (Coleoptera: Curculionidae); (2) petiole borers, represented byAcigona infusella(Walker) andEpipagis albiguttalis(Warren) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae),Arzama densaWalker (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), and larvalNeochetinaspp.; (3) leaf tunnel producers, represented byOrthogalumna terebrantisWallwork (Acarina: Galumnidae); and (4) scavenger species such asDyscinetusspp. (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), which enhance the effect of attack by other insects. This damage is also often amplified by pathogens and other less abundant arthropods.