‘Neuro-Behçet’ is not a rare disease in the United Arab Republic, as it was possible to detect 22 cases in just 3 years. The detection of the true incidence of Behçet syndrome and the true percentage of ‘Neuro-Behçet’ depends on the combined search by all specialists concerned. The similarity between the presenting clinical pictures and the accepted, though sometimes etiologically vague, clinical syndromes is discussed in an attempt to render the consideration of ‘neuro-Behçet’ in differential diagnosis reasonably acceptable. This consideration is justified in the presence of the oro-genital and ocular manifestations, or a history thereof. The mere affection of the nervous system does not indicate a bad prognosis. The prognosis depends, as in many other neurological diseases, on the site of the lesion. Initial big doses of systemic steroids, with a permanent maintenance dose, are recommended. Further evidence is discussed favouring autoimmune pathogenesis, possibly triggered by a