Objective:To determine the effectiveness of medroxyprogesterone acetate (Depo‐Provera) treatment in conjunction with psychological counseling on the hypersexual behavior seen in individuals with traumatic brain injury.Design:A retrospective review of the use of Depo‐Provera in adult male patients who sustained a traumatic brain injury from blunt trauma and subsequently exhibited hypersexual behavior. All individuals were treated with a combination of weekly Depo‐Provera injections and psychological counseling; the latter was educational/behavioral in nature and took into account such problems as deficits in awareness and empathy, poor memory, concreteness, and rigidity. Follow‐up examinations were done every 3 months for at least 2 years and every 6 months thereafter.Setting:Individuals were seen in outpatient treatment and reside in community environments.Patients:Eight males (average age = 17.5 years at the time of head trauma) who developed problematic hypersexual behavior approximately 3 years later. These individuals were consecutive referrals to a psychiatric practicc with expertise in the treatment of hypersexual behavior.Intervention:Weekly intramuscular Depo‐Provera injections were used in conjunction with counseling.Main Outcome Measures:Incidence of hypersexual behavior; change in testosterone level.Results:In all cases, cessation of the unacceptable sexual behavior was noted while the men received treatment (mean duration = 42 months). Three individuals remain on Depo‐Provera, and two have successfully discontinued treatment for 2 and 10 years, respectively, with no further problems. The remaining three reoffended when medication was discontinued, a decision made unilaterally by their families.Conclusions:The use of Depo‐Provera in conjunction with counseling may offer an opportunity to control aberrant sexual behaviors after brain injury. However, only a minority of individuals stay in good control after discontinuing Depo‐Provera.