We evaluated the effects of reciprocal peer tutoring combined with group reinforcement contingencies on the arithmetic performance of 12 underachieving fifth‐grade students. Results indicated that the intervention increased the students' arithmetic performance to a level indistinguishable from their classmates during treatment and 12‐week follow‐up phases. Pre‐, post‐, and follow‐up sociometric data indicated that the students who participated in the treatment groups increased their amount of peer affiliation with other treatment gr