Data for Scotland are used to show how some farm types are becoming locationally more dispersed while others become more localised in those regions with which they have a traditional association. The process leading to a more specialised regional farm type structure is complex and varies in character from region to region. The differential movement into and out of the production of certain products, particularly beef, lies at the centre of the process. The regional specialisation of production has implications for the economic stability of farm economies and the environment.