Premature labor and delivery of a stillborn infant in whichListeria monocytogeneswas cultured from the fetus, placenta and uterine cavity is reported. The literature concerning infection withL monocytogenesis reviewed, with particular attention to the unusual clinical syndrome of intrauterine infection of the fetus known as miliary granulomatosis or granutomatosis infantiseptica, observed in the case presented. Epidemiology and bacteriologic properties are discussed. The infrequent isolation of this organism is thought to be due to a low index of suspicion and to its resemblance to more commonly isolated, morphologically similar, bacteria.