The list of cytokines detected in meningococcal disease includes tumour necrosis factor, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor p55, soluble tumour necrosis factor receptor p75, IL-1 receptor antagonist and soluble IL-6 receptor. There is a uniform pattern of appearance with highest levels in meningococcal septic shock and, except for soluble IL-6 receptor, highest levels on admission to hospital. In recent years particular focus has been placed on the anti-inflammatory cytokines in meningococcal disease.