The purpose of this article is to provide the orthotist with a comprehensive review of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and its orthotic considerations. A detailed description of the neuroanatomy, neurophysiology, and neuropathology are presented to improve the overall comprehension of how the brain responds to trauma. Throughout the paper, examples will be given to provide applicable clinical scenarios. Upon completion of this review, the reader should posses a clear working knowledge of TBI and its orthotic applications.