Operant conditioning interventions for behavior management have been effectively implemented during both acute and long-term rehabilitation of children and adolescents with brain injuries. However, these interventions are often avoided during posttraumatic amnesia (PTA). Data are presented on the effects of operant conditioning interventions when implemented using single-subject experimental designs to reduce selected behaviors in six children when still in PTA. The potential benefits of early intervention with operant conditioning for children and adolescents after brain injury are discussed. The validity of measures of explicit memory as predictors of responsiveness to operant conditioning is questioned.