The leaves, petioles and rhizomes ofCurcuma aromaticaSalisb. (Zingiberaceae) from Assam, India, were subjected to steam distillation. The resulting essential oils were analyzed by high-resolution GC and GC/MS. The leaf, petiole and rhizome oils contained more than 51, 50 and 61 components respectively, of which 43, 41 and 53 constituents have been identified, accounting for about 96.8%, 86.3% and 86.3% of the bulk of the respective oils. The major components in the leaf, petiole and rhizome oils were found to be 1,8-cineole (20.0%, 8.8% and 9.3%, respectively), camphor (18.0%, 16.8% and 25.6%), germacrone (11.8%, 0.2% and 10.6%), isoborneol (6.4%, 6.8% and 8.2%) and camphene (9.4%, 1.2% and 7.4%). Additional notable constituents included limonene (8.6%) in the leaf oil, caryophyllene oxide (8.7%), patchouli alcohol (8.4%) and elsholtzia ketone (6.0%) in the petiole oil, and curzerenone (10.9%) in the rhizome oil.