Summary:There is a high prevalence of psychiatric syndromes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Schizophrenic, personality, and depressive syndromes are most commonly reported to affect patients with this condition. In this paper we present results from a retrospective chart review that show a higher than expected rate of mania in patients with TLE. These are contrasted with results of a literature review, which confirm that previous reports of mania in these patients are few. The implications of these results with regard to the assessment and treatment of psychiatric syndromes affecting patients with TLE are discussed.