This article explores the meaning and dynamics of male homophobia, the irrational fear or intolerance of gay men, and relates this phenomenon to the experience of the male role. Literature on homophobia is reviewed from both the standpoint of socialized belief systems within the culture and from the perspective of individual personality characteristics. Issues in defining homophobia are discussed, and the pervasiveness, manifestations, and correlates of homophobia are examined. Male homophobia is observed to serve the function of keeping men within the boundaries of traditionally defined roles. The experiences of gay men are used as a basis to suggest possible creative role violation for all men.