Coal, bitumen and heavy oil( and various pitches, resids, etc. ) are similar in that they require more substantial treatment than does conventional light oil to yield useful liquid fuels. Here we provide a brief and selective review of technologies for liquefying coal, followed by consideration of co-processing coal with bitumen/heavy oil. Such co-processing may be considered as use of bitumen/heavy oil as a solvent and/or hydrogen donor In liquefaction of coal, or as the use of coal to aid upgrading bitumen/heavy oil.