The ability of a human ocular system to recognize viruses as foreign and eliminate them is critical for the preservation of sight. Upon viral infection, the prevention of attachment and invasion on the ocular surface decreases the likelihood of their causing disease. The tear film, secretory IgA, cytokines, cellular specific and nonspecific immune mechanisms that act at the mucosal surface constitute the first line of defense. However, sight-threatening immunopathology can take place after these reactions. Possible immune intervention in these processes is discussed.