This article presents an initial approach to the possibly HIV-infected patient. Emphasizing early testing in order to prevent complications and spread of disease, the physician is encouraged to actively interact with the local AIDS coordinator and other health care providers to assist HIV-infected patients in managing the physical and emotional consequences of their disease. Additionally, the focused initial physical examination is reviewed. This focused examination can serve as a guideline for monitoring disease progression during routine office visits. Finally, included are flowsheets used to manage two frequent clinical situations in the care of the HIV-infected patient: fever and an acutely altered mental status.