AbstractMalignant hyperthermia (MH) is a genetic syndrome usually initiated by exposure to volatile anesthetic agents or depolarizing neuromuscular blocking agents. We have used Ca2+‐selective microelectrodes to measure in vivo the intracellular ionized calcium ([Ca2+]i) in skeletal muscle fibers of MH‐susceptible swines before and during hyperthermic episodes and also after dantrolene administration. The animals were anesthetized with thiopental and fentanyl and maintained with a mixture of nitrous oxide (66%) and oxygen (34%). The malignant hyperthermic episode was triggered by exposure to halothane. Determinations of [Ca2+]iduring the episode show an increase from 0.44 ± 0.01 μM± SEM,n= 20 to 8.44 ± 0.68 μM (mean ± SEM,n= 10). Administration of dantrolene (2 mg/kg) during the hyperthermic episode reduces [Ca2+]ito 0.17 + 0.01 μM (mean ± SEM,n= 10) and reverses the clinical symptoms. These results show that the MH episode is associated with an increase in the myoplasmic free Ca2+concentration and that the therapeutic effect of dantrolene is related to a decrease