AbstractIt is shown that every operation, to be effective, requires three kinds of input: operators (e.g. instructions, programmes), operands (e.g. materials, data) and operatives (e.g. men, machines). A charting technique is developed in which operations, represented by Os, are linked by three kinds of arrow. Problems of data collection, control and scale are discussed. It is concluded that the production of a chart for a complex business, using the techniques outlined, is a useful exercise which displays the logic of the information flows and facilitates the critical examination of the whole organization. A practical example is given and discussed.