Twenty‐one Israeli Jewish pemphigus vulgaris (PV) patients were studied for the HLA‐D lymphocyte defined determinants and the serologically defined antigens of the HLA‐A, B, and DR series. HLA‐D typing revealed that Dw10 is significantly associated with PV: 86% of patients vs 18% of controls carried Dw10, and DR4 was present in 86% of patients as compared to 38% in the controls. The most striking observation was that all Dw10 positive patients were also positive for DR4, and no other patient carried DR4 alone. The relative risk for a Dw10‐DR4 carrier to develop PV was estimated at 31.9, higher than that observed for Dw10 alone (RR 26.7) or DR4 alone (RR 9.6).Probably HLA‐Dw10 predisposes for pemphig