AbstractEvaluation of 1000 consecutive proctosigmoidoscopy examinations performed for the first time in patients admitted to the surgical service of the Veterans Administration Hospital of Lincoln, Nebraska, is presented. Of 143 lesions, 21 were considered malignant. Eight symptomatic patients were found with cancerous lesions. Barium enema studies did not result in significant additional findings. Comparison with results of other investigators and with programs to detect carcinoma of the cervix is made to emphasize the value of proctosigmoidoscopy in the detection of cancer of the rectosigmoid area.