Seventy-one psychiatric resident-supervisor dyads were studied in terms of Schutz's interpersonal theory of compatibility. Personality changes during the second year of psychiatric residency were also measured by means of Schutz's Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Orientation Scale. Predictions relating compatibility to satisfaction with the dyad and to ratings of competence were not confirmed. Personality changes were found, with residents showing a significant decrease in needs for wanting to be included and for expressing affection. Situational factors are proposed for the personality changes, and personality factors are suggested as influencing the selection of psychiatry as a medical specialization.