This bibliography is compiled by urologists from the journals listed at the end of this publication. It is based on literature entered into our database between 1st June 1990 and 31st May 1991 (articles are generally added to the database about two and a half months after publication). In addition, the bibliography contains every paper annotated by reviewers; these references were obtained from a variety of bibliography databases and published between the beginning of the review period and time pf going to press. The bibliography has been grouped into topics that relate to the reviews in this period and the time of going to press. The bibliography has been grouped into topics that relate to the reviews in this issue.